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This paper researched the impacts of the built environment on local electricity consumption in metropolitan areas through a contextual investigation of Giza Governorate in Greater Cairo Metropolitan Region GCMR), Egypt. Basic Equation Modeling was used for the investigation on the causality of residential utilizations of power. The impacts of significant drivers theoretically causing the local vitality utilization, for example, family socio socioeconomics, family perspectives, family unit responsibility for, and assembled condition were inspected. Main results were the built environment associated to a settlement such as number of rooms and floor area in the settlement considerably influences the domestic electricity consumption; and the population density has considerable positive influences on the domestic electricity consumption. Findings of this paper propose that a design of built environment could take part in managing the domestic energy consumption in developing metropolitan regions which could be an effective tool to adapt the climate change ultimately.

© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. The UltraSTEEL dimpling forming process forms plain steel sheets into dimpled steel sheets, which have higher energy absorption performance. The energy absorption performance of dimpled products can be further improved through optimizing the forming depth in the UltraSTEEL process. In this paper, forming depths have been optimized through numerical simulations. Explicit dynamics finite element simulations were carried out to analyze the effect of forming depth on material properties as well as the effect of geometry on energy absorption separately. It has been found that yield strengths are maximized when the forming depth is approximately 1mm, and the energy absorption performance is optimized when the forming depth is approximately 0.9 times of the gauge thickness.

Given the inherent ecological damage associated with post-industrial sites, their remediation offers an opportunity to apply the concept of symbiotic urbanism, a type of urban development that not only prevents ecological degradation, but also restores the natural environment while concurrently benefitting adjacent communities and economies, to their rehabilitation. Analogous to symbiotic urbanism, definitions of regenerative urban development and regenerative cities capture the notion of urban development that goes beyond preventing environmental damage to also encompass the replenishment of natural resources, but few case studies of how the entirety of the idea can be implemented exist. In contrast to commonly referenced examples of regenerative urban development this paper will discuss an application of symbiotic urbanism that offers a proposal for the comprehensive rehabilitation of a post-industrial site. The proposal uses the site’s industrial legacy as inspiration for entering a new era of production that engages in the research and development of innovative technologies that simultaneously remediate existing environmental degradation while stimulating new economies and opportunities and reconnecting communities to long-abandoned places.

Gallium arsenide concentrator cells were irradiated with electrons with energies varying from 0.4 to 2.3 MeV, and their electrical performance was measured. The cells are 5*5 mm square with a 4 mm diameter illuminated area. At each of four different electron energy levels (0.4, 0.7, 1.0, and 2.3 MeV), three n/p and two p/n cells were irradiated. I-V performance measurements were made prior to irradiation and at several intermediate fluence levels. The final fluence level was 3*10/sup 15/ e/cm/sup 2/. It is concluded that the power degradation is independent of the temperature at which it is measured. >

An exponential growth of the mobile data traffic is expected in future networks. The reason of this growth is related to the increasing popularity of linear services such as mobile TV, live and sports events, which may lead to the delivery of the same contents to a large audience. With this mobile data traffic explosion, the power demand of future wireless networks is predicted to dramatically increase. This energy consumption issue, if unaddressed, may lead to the restriction of many new services. Based on these facts, recent studies have shown that network cooperation is a promising candidate to deal with such issues. This paper investigates, from an energy efficiency point of view, the performances of using a hybrid unicast/broadcast network to deliver linear services to mobile and portable devices. Results show that cooperation will decrease the total power consumption of the hybrid network. National audience

As climate change gains pace globally, many of the first and most severe impacts are falling ontropical regions [...]

Energy demand from buildings has the largest single share of the global final energy demand, but offers massive energy saving potentials through state-of-the-art technologies and behavioural changes. However, the required speed of technology adoption and behavioural changes to achieve such savings are largely uncertain and embedded in complex socio-technical system. Successful examples of achieving such systemic transition in the energy system are mostly found on the regional scale. Therefore a transition from the existing conventional centralized and mainly fossil fuelbased energy infrastructure towards a decentralized and renewable-based energy infrastructure is required. This research presents a generic bottom-up building-energy model for developing regional energy scenarios. Besides the development of regional scenarios, this model allows for analysing various detailed aspects of buildings' energy demand, such as retrofitting behaviour, technology adoption, and occupancy behaviour with agent-based modelling extensions.

The combustion process, using municipal solid waste (MSW) as a fuel in waste to energy plant, calls for a detailed understanding of these phenomena. On the one hand, this process depends on many input parameters, like MSW proximate and ultimate analysis, the season of the year, primary and secondary inlet air velocity, and on the other hand on the output parameters such as temperature or mass flow rate (MFR) of combustion products on the exhaust. The variability and mutual dependence of these parameters can be difficult to manage in practice. Moreover, another problem is how these parameters can be tuned to achieve the optimal combustion with minimal pollutants emission during the plant design phase already. To meet these goals, waste to energy plant with bed combustion is investigated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach with ANSYS CFX 12.0 code in the WORKBENCH 2 environment. In this paper, the adequate variable input boundary conditions which are based on the real measurement and practical calculations of known MSW composition from other authors are used and the whole computational work is updated with real plant geometry and the appropriate turbulence, combustion and heat transfer models. Furthermore, the operating parameters were optimized on output parameters through trade-off study. Different operating conditions were varied and the fluid flow direction, residence time, temperature field, velocity field, nitric oxide formation and combustion products through plant combustion chamber and preheat intersection in 3D were predicted and visualized. The optimization in real time has shown the amount of each input parameters to meet the optimal operating conditions. Finally, the response charts between the input and output parameters are presented to monitor the dependence among these parameters. Further simulations have to be done to include the geometry dimensions as input parameters.