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This paper presents an improvement of the tuning process of the holistic control published by the authors in previous research to achieve a seamless transition among three operation mode changes and load transients. The proposed tuning approach reveals an improvement in the energy consumption of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) during all operation mode transients compared to the holistic control. For this aim, the system addressed is a BESS with the capability to ride through three operation modes of interest: the grid-connected mode as an inverter, the grid-connected mode as a rectifier, and the islanded operation mode. The LCL filter design by using the Butterworth polynomial approach is presented in more detail, and its smooth inherent transient response is preserved when the tuning of the controller gains is carried out by using the same polynomial approach but now including the integral action within the Butterworth polynomial. To reveal the reduction in energy consumption, the closed-loop transfer functions of each mode were used to compare the previous holistic control and this new one named by the authors as the “improved holistic control”. The closed-loop system fulfills the frequency and voltage thresholds of the IEEE 1547-2018 standard seamlessly. The simulation runs were conducted on the PSCAD/EMTDC to evaluate the seamless transition among the operation mode changes and load steps. The experimental results in a 617 W, 120 VL−L three-phase converter prototype are included to demonstrate the validity of the improved holistic control.

By using a non-local model, fluid simulations can capture kinetic effects in the parallel electron heat-flux better than is possible using flux limiters in the usual diffusive models. Non-local and diffusive models are compared using a test case representative of an ELM crash in the JET SOL, simulated in one dimension. The non-local model shows substantially enhanced electron temperature gradients, which cannot be achieved using a flux limiter. The performance of the implementation, in the BOUT++ framework, is also analysed to demonstrate its suitability for application in three-dimensional simulations of turbulent transport in the SOL. Comment: Accepted version. Corrected normalization in (6). This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at doi:10.1088/0741-3335/55/5/055009

It is easy for adversaries to mount node replication attacks due to the unattended nature of wireless sensor networks. In several replica node detection schemes, witness nodes fail to work before replicas are detected due to the lack of effective random verification. This paper presents a novel distributed detection protocol to counteract node replication attacks. Our scheme distributes node location information to multiple randomly selected cells and then linear-multicasts the information for verification from the localized cells. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol improves detection efficiency compared with various existing protocols and prolongs the lifetime of the overall network.

Green spaces require frequent watering, increasing the pressure on water resources. The use of native plants in landscaping reduces the risks of biological contamination, contributing to preservation of Brazilian biodiversity and provides the value of sustainability in urban green areas. Of these native plants, a restricted number are native lianas which are adapted to Brazilian climate and available on the market. In this regard, the selection and recommending of native plants which are efficient in use of water for planting in urban areas constitute an effective strategy for conservation of water resources. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of I. cairica plants submitted to water deficit. For a period of 100 days after transplanting, plants of this species were grown with watered at pot capacity except for 30 days (from the 30th to the 60th day) when four water deficits (25, 50, 75 and 100% pot capacity) were applied. During all regimes of water deficiency applied, there was a 100% survival rate. After reestablishment of water regime the species recovered its growth, even that was submitted to the 25% of pot capacity. It testify that I. cairica is resistant to low water availability. Os espaços verdes necessitam de irrigações freqüentes, aumentando a pressão sobre os recursos hídricos. A utilização de plantas nativas em paisagismo diminui os riscos de contaminação biológica, contribui para a preservação da biodiversidade brasileira e propicia a sua valorização sustentável em áreas verdes. Destas, um número restrito são de lianas nativas aclimatadas e disponíveis no mercado. Nesse sentido, a seleção e indicação de plantas nativas eficientes no uso da água para implantação em paisagismo constituem-se uma estratégia eficaz na conservação dos recursos hídricos. Assim, buscou-se avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de Ipomoea cairica submetidas a déficit hídrico. Ao longo de 100 dias após o transplante, plantas dessa espécie foram cultivadas com irrigação em capacidade de vaso, exceto por 30 dias (do 31º ao 60º dia) quando se aplicou quatro regimes hídricos (25, 50, 75 e 100% de capacidade de vaso). Durante o período de deficiência hídrica, houve 100% de sobrevivência, em todos os regimes hídricos aplicados. Após o restabelecimento hídrico, a espécie retomou seu crescimento, mesmo a que foi submetida a 25% da capacidade de vaso. Isto prova que I. cairica é resistente a baixa disponibilidade hídrica.

Abstract The climate is changing and speedy changes in society are needed to keep the damage within survival ranges. The aim is to keep the average raise of global temperature below 2 degrees Celsius. Changes in behavior of the overall population are needed to realize this aim. How can we get people to change? The research field of environmental psychology looks at framing issues to promote changes of behavior. More information helps to make people make decisions. Motivation is more important. Motivation is driven by our values and self-image. Four values are important for environmental behavior: hedonic, egoistic, altruistic and environmental values. Besides that culture, personal and timing issues play a role. The workshop explores the values in persons according to different examples. Can we influence the values to which we adhere? Socio-economic traits in people only explore a few percent in differences. Discussion: different strategies can be used with people with different dominant values. Public health is a major domain to support the local authorities to endorse the behavioral changes in the general population in order to limit the temperature increase.

With increasing globalization, trade, and human movement, the rate of alien species introduction has increased all around the globe. In addition, climate change is thought to exacerbate the situation by allowing range expansion of invasive species into new areas. Predicting the distribution of invasive species under conditions of climate change is important for identifying susceptible areas of invasion and developing strategies for limiting their expansion. We used Maxent modeling to predict the distribution of one of the world's most aggressive invasive weeds, Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R. King and H. Robinson, in the Chitwan–Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) of Nepal under current conditions and 3 future climate change trajectories based on 3 representative concentration pathways (RCPs 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) in 2 different time periods (2050 and 2070) using species occurrence data, and bioclimatic and topographic variables. Minimum temperature in the coldest month was the most important variable affecting the distribution of A. adenophora. About 38% (12,215 km2) of the CHAL area is climatically suitable for A. adenophora, with the Middle Mountain physiographic region being the most suitable one. A predicted increase in current suitable areas ranges from 1 to 2% under future climate scenarios (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5). All protected areas and 3 physiographic regions (Siwaliks, High Mountain, High Himalaya) are likely to gain climatically suitable areas in future climate scenarios. The upper elevational distribution limit of the weed is expected to expand by 31–48 m in future climate scenarios, suggesting that the weed will colonize additional areas at higher elevations in the future. In conclusion, our results showed that a vast area of CHAL is climatically suitable for A. adenophora. Expected further range expansion and upslope migration in the future make it essential to initiate effective management measures to prevent further negative impacts of this invasive plant.

Based on autoregressive distributed lag model, we empirically study the interrelationship between international technology spillover, energy consumption and CO2 emissions by using time series data covering the period 1960-2008. The results show that international technology spillover, technology transformation and domestic R&D input cut down CO2 emissions. R&D input has both direct and indirect effect on the reduction in CO2 emissions. On the one hand, R&D input promotes domestic innovation and accelerates transformation, absorption and utilization of the technology from forerunners. On the other hand, R&D input reduces CO2 emissions by rising energy efficiency. Energy consumption increases CO2 emissions.

In the last years the interest in Unmanned Air Vehicle systems has greatly raised, thanks to their extended operation capabilities. Among the reasons of this growing interest there is the development of very efficient and reliable guiding systems, that allow a thorough remote vehicle control. The endurance capability is certainly one of the most important UAV characteristics, because some missions are supposed to last even more than one day. For this reason, the engine fuel consumption becomes a fundamental aspect. The turboprop engine is commonly used in this kind of missions, with powers in the range between 300-900 kW. To extend the flight range and the endurance characteristics, it is important to have low-fuel consumption propulsion systems. At this purpose, a turboprop engine with intercooling and regeneration has been studied. A thermodynamic numeric program that simulates the behavior of a turboprop with regeneration and intercooling at different engine and operating conditions has been developed. The program allows to compute the thermodynamic working cycle and hence the main engine performances, as specific power, thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. An off-design analysis is performed to evaluate the engine behavior when operating at different conditions respect to the design point. An example case, showing the saved fuel for a particular mission profile, is then reported.

The conformational dynamics in the flaps of HIV-1 protease plays a crucial role in the mechanism of substrate binding. We develop a kinetic network model, constructed from detailed atomistic simulations, to determine the kinetic mechanisms of the conformational transitions in HIV-1 PR. To overcome the time scale limitation of conventional MD simulations, our method combines replica exchange molecular dynamics with transition path theory to study the diversity and temperature dependence of the pathways connecting functionally important states of the protease. At low temperature the large scale flap opening is dominated by a small number of paths; at elevated temperatures the transition occurs through many structurally heterogeneous routes. The expanded conformation in the crystal structure 1TW7 is found to closely mimic a key intermediate in the flap opening pathways at low temperature. We investigated the different transition mechanisms between the semi-open and closed forms. The calculated relaxation times reveal fast semi-open ↔ closed transitions and infrequently the flaps fully open. The ligand binding rate predicted from this kinetic model increases by 38-fold from 285 K to 309 K, which is in general agreement with experiments. To our knowledge, this is the first application of a network model constructed from atomistic simulations, together with transition path theory to analyze conformational changes between different functional states of a natively folded protein.