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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sergey I. Arbuzov; Igor Yu. Chekryzhov; Sergey S. Ilenok; Bulat R. Soktoev; +1 Authors

    The relevance of this research is conditioned by the need to develop predictive and prospecting criteria for identifying a strategically important type of germanium raw material – germanium-coal deposits. The main aim is to study the geochemical features and conditions for the formation of complex rare-metal mineralization in coals of the Spetsugli deposit (Far East) and by this example develop a geological-geochemical model of the formation of deposits of similar type. Objects: coal, coal-bearing rocks, underground waters and basement rocks of the germanium-coal deposit. Methods: geological and geochemical sampling, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, correlation analysis. Results. New data on the geological structure and geochemistry of coals and coal-bearing rocks in the Spetsugli germanium-coal deposit in the Primorsky Krai were obtained. The complex polyelement composition of rare-metal mineralization in the deposit is explained. It is consistent with geochemistry and minerageny of basement rocks and the framing of the Pavlovsk depression. Anomalously high concentrations of Ge, Sb, Hg, W, Li, Be, Cs, and As are typical in metalliferous coals; they are tens and hundreds of times higher than the average content in lignite worldwide. The accumulation levels of U, Mo, Y, Rb, REE, Zn and Ga are somewhat less anomalous. The complex mineralogical-geochemical and geological-structural analysis of the composition and structure of the Spetsugli Ge-coal deposit made it possible to reevaluate the accepted hydrothermal model of Ge mineralization in coals. It also helped to validate the previously proposed hypergene model, which states that the sources of metals are basement rocks hosting coal deposits. The pre-Cenozoic age of endogenous rare-metal mineralization in granites of the basement was substantiated. The formation of Ge and accompanying mineralization in the Spetsugli deposit was influenced by the forming weathering crust over the rare-metal granite of the Voznesensky complex cut by dikes of the Late Permian age. The deposit is confined to a granite upland, forming a concentric-zonal halo of Ge and associated elements around it. Granites underwent hydrothermal and metasomatic alteration which resulted in quartz-albite-microcline metasomatites and greisens containing W-Mo and Hg-Sb-As mineralization. Rare-metal mineralization in coals is associated with the formation of kaolin weathering crust over granites, removal and redeposition of basic elements in the surrounding peat paleo-bogs in the Paleogene.

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    © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The contemporary trend in the degradation of arable southern chernozems (Haplic Chernozems Pachic) in the steppe zone of south-eastern European Russia under the impact of water erosion has been evaluated based on a field study of changes in the deposition rate of eroded products on the bottoms of the currently stable negative landforms within a small catchment (1.92 km2 in area) with almost completely tilled slopes in the west of Orenburg oblast, in the basin of the Samara River (a left tributary of the Volga River). The dating of deposited sediments and the analysis of their temporal dynamics have been performed using the radioactive isotope 137Cs as a chronomarker. The results of a thorough analysis of catchment topography, grain size distribution data on soils and sediments, hydrometeorological observations, and satellite data have been used. It is found that the mean accumulation rate of chernozem erosion products on the bottom of a small catchment valley was 1.9–2.0 cm/year (16.5–28.4 kg/m2 annually) during the period of 1959–1986 (4.2–4.8 cm/year, or 30.4–83.5 kg/m2 annually in 1959–1963) compared to only 0.52–0.68 cm/year, or 6.6–11.9 kg/m2 annually, during the period of 1986–2016; i.e., the thickness of deposited sediments decreased at least by 3.0–3.6 times, and their mass decreased by 2.0–4.3 times (2.9 times on the average). It is shown that the main reason for the presumed significant decrease in the erosion rate of southern chernozems in the region during the last decades was the reduction in surface water runoff from slopes during the spring snowmelt period, as well as the probable change in the structure of crop rotation toward some increase in the share of perennial grasses, and erosion control measures.

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  • Studies were conducted in birch plantations located in the green belt of the city of Astana, the dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan; there were obtained data on the biomass and the carbon content in various birch fractions (Betula Pendula Roth.). The estimation of the morphometric parameters of weeping birch was carried out by measuring the height of trees and the diameter of the trunk at the chest level (DBH). Laboratory analytical methods were used for determining the carbon content, and trial plots for sampling plantations were laid. Regression equations were used to calculate biomass stocks. It was revealed that when measuring the taxation indicators on the laid test plots, the average height of plantations varied from 8.6 m to 9.2 m, and the diameter of the trunk varied from 7.6 cm to 9.1 cm. As studies of the chemical composition in the foliage showed, bark, trunk, and branches of birch trees, the amount of carbon were from 45.44 to 53.89%. A comparative analysis showed that the greatest amount of carbon from 4.3 to 6.3 tons per hectare was deposited in birch trunks (Betula pendula Roth). Проведены исследования в березовых насаждениях, расположенных в зеленом поясе города Астаны, сухостепной зоне Северного Казахстана, и получены данные о фитомассе и содержании углерода в различных фракциях березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth). Оценка морфометрических показателей насаждений березы повислой проводилась путем измерения высоты деревьев и диаметра ствола на уровне груди (DBH), при определении содержания углерода, применялись лабораторно-аналитические методы и заложены пробные площади для отбора образцов насаждений. Для расчета запасов фитомассы применялись регрессионные уравнения. Выявлено, что при измерении таксационных показателей на заложенных пробных площадях высота насаждений в среднем варьировала от 8,6 м до 9,2 м, а диаметр ствола варьировал от 7,6 см до 9,1 см. Как показали исследования химического состава в листве, коре, стволе и ветвях деревьев березы повислой, количество углерода составило от 45,44 до 53,89%. Сравнительный анализ показал, что наибольшее количество углерода от 4,3 до 6,3 т на гектаре было депонировано в стволах березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth). №07(73) (2018)

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  • Based on the analysis of the positive and negative consequences of the outstanding aspects of Mongolia, the article proposes to increase the potential of productive forces to support the regional development of society and the economy, as well as to increase the possibility of participation in international cooperation in Northeast Asia (NEA) in order to strengthen its position in the energy sector, the rationale for the development of the Mongolian electricity system on a research basis is considered. To this end, through a retrospective analysis of Mongolia's energy development, the problems faced by actual conditions, and measures aimed at solving them, a phased development scheme was put forward as the main basis in accordance with changes in internal and external factors. This scheme requires the appropriate structure, voltage level and location of the sources of Mongolia's regional electric power systems and their backbone networks and, therefore, technical and technological capabilities to support participation in energy relations through a single and international system. Designed as the basis of a research methodology suitable for the optimization method by developing a model containing a scenario reflecting limit states that can be considered as several hypothetical hypotheses. This article is the first of a series of (three) articles reflecting the results of the authors' research on the development of Mongolia's electric power systems. На основе анализа положительных и отрицательных последствий ключевых аспектов развития электроэнергетики Монголии предлагается повысить потенциал производительных сил для поддержки регионального развития общества и экономики, а также увеличить долю участия международного сотрудничества страны в Северо-Восточной Азии (СВА) с целью укрепления позиций в энергетике. С помощью ретроспективного анализа проблем, возникших в ходе развития энергетики Монголии, и мер, направленных на их решение, в качестве основы представлена поэтапная схема развития электроэнергетической системы (ЭЭС) Монголии с учётом внутренних и внешних факторов. Данная схема требует разработки соответствующей структуры ЭЭС, выбора уровней напряжения и расположения источников генерации в региональных электроэнергетических системах Монголии и их системообразующих электрических сетях, оценки технических и технологических возможностей для поддержки участия в расширении энергетических связей в рамках объединённой международной энергосистемы. Разработана основа методологии исследования структуры и режимов работы ЭЭС, включа<->ющая оптимизационные математические модели, а также сценарии, отражающие в том числе некоторые гипотетические предельные состояния. Данная статья — первая из трёх статей, отражающих результаты исследований авторов по развитию электроэнергетических систем Монголии. Энергетик, Выпуск 2 2023, Pages 39-45

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    Authors: Bogdanov, E. V.;

    The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to the practical application of the principles of energy management, which will increase the energy efficiency of metallurgical enterprises. The object of the study are metallurgical enterprises with the potential to increase energy efficiency. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of methodological and practical recommendations aimed at improving the energy efficiency of metallurgical enterprises based on the management of employee competencies and improving investment activities. The proposed recommendations on improving the energy efficiency management mechanism of a metallurgical enterprise will optimize the directions of planning and competent consumption of energy resources, involve employees of enterprises in the processes of training and improving the culture of energy conservation, reveal their innovative potential for developing and promoting ideas on energy efficiency of production processes. Целью исследования является разработка методического подхода к применению на практике принципов энергоменеджмента, которые позволят повысить энергетическую эффективность металлургических предприятий. Объектом исследования выступают металлургические предприятия, имеющие потенциал к повышению энергоэффективности. Научная новизна исследования состоит в разработке методических и практических рекомендаций, направленных на повышение энергоэффективности металлургических предприятий на основе управления компетенциями сотрудников и совершенствования инвестиционной деятельности. Предложенные рекомендации по совершенствованию механизма управления энергоэффективностью металлургического предприятия позволят оптимизировать направления планирования и грамотного потребления энергоресурсов, вовлечь работников предприятий в процессы обучения и повышения культуры энергосбережения, раскрыть их инновационный потенциал для разработки и продвижения идей по энергоэффективности производственных процессов.

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  • Настоящая работа посвящена оценке перегрузок усилителя мощности по току для различных вариантов добротности антенны, уменьшения упомянутых перегрузок до требуемого уровня, и расчету энергетического проигрыша при работе ключевого усилителя мощности на сложную нагрузку (выходной фильтр и антенна). Ð’ процессе работы установлено, что если на вход фильтра подается гармоническое воздействие с выхода ключевого генератора (КГ), то присутствуют следующие перегрузки по выходному току КГ и току в антенне. При добротности нагрузки (эквивалента антенны) Q = 50 это 215,2% и 37,8% соответственно, при Q = 100 – 294,7% и 35,4%, при Q = 150 – 347,4% и 37,8%, и при Q = 200 – 374,5% и 42,9%. Если же подавать постепенно нарастающее по амплитуде (сглаженное) воздействие на вход фильтра с выхода генератора, то перегрузки по выходному току КГ можно уменьшить до требуемого уровня. This paper is devoted to estimating overloads of a power amplifier by current for various variants of the antenna quality factor, reducing these overloads to the required level, and calculating the energy loss during operation of a key power amplifier for a complex load (output filter and antenna).

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    At such huge potential of power savings which is available for today in Russia and, in particular, in Moscow to solve a problem of reliable maintenance of a city power resources only at the expense of increase in manufacture of energy unreasonably. It is necessary to reflect first of all on its rational use, about that, for example, as superfluous energy at some technological processes not to disseminate in air, and to select for the purpose of its returning in the form of the electric power in a network. При таком огромном потенциале энергосбережения, который имеется на сегодняшний день в России и, в частности, в Москве, решать проблему надежного обеспечения города энергоресурсами только за счет увеличения производства энергии неразумно. Стоит задуматься в первую очередь об её рациональном использовании, о том, например, как избыточную энергию при некоторых технологических процессах не рассеивать в воздух, а отбирать с целью возвращения её в виде электроэнергии в сеть.

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    For making contract of power supply it is necessary for consumer to pass through a number of instances and to collect certain quantity of documents. Sometimes to understand with sequence of these actions for the consumer it appears enough challenge. It is caused, first, by absence of knowledge of active legislative base, elements of law and instructions of enforcement authorities, and, secondly, absence of the complete information from manufacturers of an electric equipment about characteristics of their production. Для заключения договора энергоснабжения потребителю необходимо пройти через ряд инстанций и собрать определенное количество документов. Подчас разобраться с последовательностью этих действий для потребителя оказывается довольно сложной задачей. Это обусловлено, во-первых, отсутствием знаний о действующей законодательной базе, правовых актах и инструкций органов исполнительной власти, а, во-вторых, отсутствием полной информации от производителей электрооборудования о характеристиках их продукции.

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  • В статье приведены итоги селекционной работы по скрещиванию, генетически отдалённых и разнообразных по происхождению тритикале, краснодарской линии 93-389Т-15 и местного сорта Доктрина 110. В результате индивидуальных отборов в F2 – F4 и повторными улучшающими отборами в F10, была выделена лучшая линия (Линия 119 УБР), которая в последующем была названа сортом Горка. Данный сорт гармонично сочетает: устойчивость к лимитирующим факторам внешней среды, высокую стабильную урожайность и качество зерна. В 2017 году по результатам сортоиспытания Горка включена в Государственный Реестр селекционных достижений по Центрально-Чернозёмному, Средневолжскому и Уральскому регионам Российской Федерации. The article contains the results of breeding work on crossing genetically distant and diverse in origin kinds of triticale of Krasnodar line 93-389T-15 and local variety Doctrine 110. As a result of individual selection in F2-F4 and repeated improvement in selection of F10, we identified the best Line 119 UBR, which was later named Gorka. This variety harmoniously combines resistance to the limiting factors of the environment, high stable yield and grain quality. In 2017, Gorka is included into the State Register of Selection Achievements in the Central Blackearth Zone, Middle Volga and Ural Regions of the Russian Federation according to the results of variety testing. №12(66) (2018)

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  • Ð’ данной работе представлено проектирование двухэтажного коттеджа, рассчитанного на 1 семью, с выполнением всех условий по энергоэффективности с учетом климатических особенностей района строительства. Результатами проектирования являются: 1. BIM модель проектируемого здания; 2. Теплотехнический расчет ограждающих конструкций и подбор изоляционного материала; 3. Расчет тепловой характеристики здания с учетом трансмиссионных теплопотерь; 4. Выбор рекуператора, теплового насоса и расчет зондов; 5. Расчет системы водоснабжения с учетом сбора дождевой воды; 6. Расчет и подбор солнечных батарей в качестве дополнительного источника электропитания. Настоящая работа выполнена в соответствии с нормативными документами. При написании работы активно использовались современные информационные технологии, в том числе программное обеспечение Autodesk Revit 2022, AutoCAD 2022, Microsoft Word 2016, Excel 2016. This paper presents the design of a two-storey cottage designed for 1 family, with the fulfillment of all conditions for energy efficiency, taking into account the climatic features of the construction area. The design results are: 1. BIM model of the projected building; 2. Thermal engineering calculation of enclosing structures and selection of insulating material; 3. Calculation of the thermal characteristics of the building taking into account transmission heat losses; 4. Selection of recuperator, heat pump and calculation of probes; 5. Calculation of the water supply system taking into account the collection of rainwater; 6. Calculation and selection of solar panels as an additional power source. This work was carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. While writing the work, modern information technologies were actively used, including Autodesk Revit 2022, Autocad 2022, Microsoft Word 2016, Excel 2016 software.

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    Authors: Sergey I. Arbuzov; Igor Yu. Chekryzhov; Sergey S. Ilenok; Bulat R. Soktoev; +1 Authors

    The relevance of this research is conditioned by the need to develop predictive and prospecting criteria for identifying a strategically important type of germanium raw material – germanium-coal deposits. The main aim is to study the geochemical features and conditions for the formation of complex rare-metal mineralization in coals of the Spetsugli deposit (Far East) and by this example develop a geological-geochemical model of the formation of deposits of similar type. Objects: coal, coal-bearing rocks, underground waters and basement rocks of the germanium-coal deposit. Methods: geological and geochemical sampling, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, correlation analysis. Results. New data on the geological structure and geochemistry of coals and coal-bearing rocks in the Spetsugli germanium-coal deposit in the Primorsky Krai were obtained. The complex polyelement composition of rare-metal mineralization in the deposit is explained. It is consistent with geochemistry and minerageny of basement rocks and the framing of the Pavlovsk depression. Anomalously high concentrations of Ge, Sb, Hg, W, Li, Be, Cs, and As are typical in metalliferous coals; they are tens and hundreds of times higher than the average content in lignite worldwide. The accumulation levels of U, Mo, Y, Rb, REE, Zn and Ga are somewhat less anomalous. The complex mineralogical-geochemical and geological-structural analysis of the composition and structure of the Spetsugli Ge-coal deposit made it possible to reevaluate the accepted hydrothermal model of Ge mineralization in coals. It also helped to validate the previously proposed hypergene model, which states that the sources of metals are basement rocks hosting coal deposits. The pre-Cenozoic age of endogenous rare-metal mineralization in granites of the basement was substantiated. The formation of Ge and accompanying mineralization in the Spetsugli deposit was influenced by the forming weathering crust over the rare-metal granite of the Voznesensky complex cut by dikes of the Late Permian age. The deposit is confined to a granite upland, forming a concentric-zonal halo of Ge and associated elements around it. Granites underwent hydrothermal and metasomatic alteration which resulted in quartz-albite-microcline metasomatites and greisens containing W-Mo and Hg-Sb-As mineralization. Rare-metal mineralization in coals is associated with the formation of kaolin weathering crust over granites, removal and redeposition of basic elements in the surrounding peat paleo-bogs in the Paleogene.

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    © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The contemporary trend in the degradation of arable southern chernozems (Haplic Chernozems Pachic) in the steppe zone of south-eastern European Russia under the impact of water erosion has been evaluated based on a field study of changes in the deposition rate of eroded products on the bottoms of the currently stable negative landforms within a small catchment (1.92 km2 in area) with almost completely tilled slopes in the west of Orenburg oblast, in the basin of the Samara River (a left tributary of the Volga River). The dating of deposited sediments and the analysis of their temporal dynamics have been performed using the radioactive isotope 137Cs as a chronomarker. The results of a thorough analysis of catchment topography, grain size distribution data on soils and sediments, hydrometeorological observations, and satellite data have been used. It is found that the mean accumulation rate of chernozem erosion products on the bottom of a small catchment valley was 1.9–2.0 cm/year (16.5–28.4 kg/m2 annually) during the period of 1959–1986 (4.2–4.8 cm/year, or 30.4–83.5 kg/m2 annually in 1959–1963) compared to only 0.52–0.68 cm/year, or 6.6–11.9 kg/m2 annually, during the period of 1986–2016; i.e., the thickness of deposited sediments decreased at least by 3.0–3.6 times, and their mass decreased by 2.0–4.3 times (2.9 times on the average). It is shown that the main reason for the presumed significant decrease in the erosion rate of southern chernozems in the region during the last decades was the reduction in surface water runoff from slopes during the spring snowmelt period, as well as the probable change in the structure of crop rotation toward some increase in the share of perennial grasses, and erosion control measures.

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  • Studies were conducted in birch plantations located in the green belt of the city of Astana, the dry steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan; there were obtained data on the biomass and the carbon content in various birch fractions (Betula Pendula Roth.). The estimation of the morphometric parameters of weeping birch was carried out by measuring the height of trees and the diameter of the trunk at the chest level (DBH). Laboratory analytical methods were used for determining the carbon content, and trial plots for sampling plantations were laid. Regression equations were used to calculate biomass stocks. It was revealed that when measuring the taxation indicators on the laid test plots, the average height of plantations varied from 8.6 m to 9.2 m, and the diameter of the trunk varied from 7.6 cm to 9.1 cm. As studies of the chemical composition in the foliage showed, bark, trunk, and branches of birch trees, the amount of carbon were from 45.44 to 53.89%. A comparative analysis showed that the greatest amount of carbon from 4.3 to 6.3 tons per hectare was deposited in birch trunks (Betula pendula Roth). Проведены исследования в березовых насаждениях, расположенных в зеленом поясе города Астаны, сухостепной зоне Северного Казахстана, и получены данные о фитомассе и содержании углерода в различных фракциях березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth). Оценка морфометрических показателей насаждений березы повислой проводилась путем измерения высоты деревьев и диаметра ствола на уровне груди (DBH), при определении содержания углерода, применялись лабораторно-аналитические методы и заложены пробные площади для отбора образцов насаждений. Для расчета запасов фитомассы применялись регрессионные уравнения. Выявлено, что при измерении таксационных показателей на заложенных пробных площадях высота насаждений в среднем варьировала от 8,6 м до 9,2 м, а диаметр ствола варьировал от 7,6 см до 9,1 см. Как показали исследования химического состава в листве, коре, стволе и ветвях деревьев березы повислой, количество углерода составило от 45,44 до 53,89%. Сравнительный анализ показал, что наибольшее количество углерода от 4,3 до 6,3 т на гектаре было депонировано в стволах березы повислой (Betula pendula Roth). №07(73) (2018)

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  • Based on the analysis of the positive and negative consequences of the outstanding aspects of Mongolia, the article proposes to increase the potential of productive forces to support the regional development of society and the economy, as well as to increase the possibility of participation in international cooperation in Northeast Asia (NEA) in order to strengthen its position in the energy sector, the rationale for the development of the Mongolian electricity system on a research basis is considered. To this end, through a retrospective analysis of Mongolia's energy development, the problems faced by actual conditions, and measures aimed at solving them, a phased development scheme was put forward as the main basis in accordance with changes in internal and external factors. This scheme requires the appropriate structure, voltage level and location of the sources of Mongolia's regional electric power systems and their backbone networks and, therefore, technical and technological capabilities to support participation in energy relations through a single and international system. Designed as the basis of a research methodology suitable for the optimization method by developing a model containing a scenario reflecting limit states that can be considered as several hypothetical hypotheses. This article is the first of a series of (three) articles reflecting the results of the authors' research on the development of Mongolia's electric power systems. На основе анализа положительных и отрицательных последствий ключевых аспектов развития электроэнергетики Монголии предлагается повысить потенциал производительных сил для поддержки регионального развития общества и экономики, а также увеличить долю участия международного сотрудничества страны в Северо-Восточной Азии (СВА) с целью укрепления позиций в энергетике. С помощью ретроспективного анализа проблем, возникших в ходе развития энергетики Монголии, и мер, направленных на их решение, в качестве основы представлена поэтапная схема развития электроэнергетической системы (ЭЭС) Монголии с учётом внутренних и внешних факторов. Данная схема требует разработки соответствующей структуры ЭЭС, выбора уровней напряжения и расположения источников генерации в региональных электроэнергетических системах Монголии и их системообразующих электрических сетях, оценки технических и технологических возможностей для поддержки участия в расширении энергетических связей в рамках объединённой международной энергосистемы. Разработана основа методологии исследования структуры и режимов работы ЭЭС, включа<->ющая оптимизационные математические модели, а также сценарии, отражающие в том числе некоторые гипотетические предельные состояния. Данная статья — первая из трёх статей, отражающих результаты исследований авторов по развитию электроэнергетических систем Монголии. Энергетик, Выпуск 2 2023, Pages 39-45

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    Authors: Bogdanov, E. V.;

    The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to the practical application of the principles of energy management, which will increase the energy efficiency of metallurgical enterprises. The object of the study are metallurgical enterprises with the potential to increase energy efficiency. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of methodological and practical recommendations aimed at improving the energy efficiency of metallurgical enterprises based on the management of employee competencies and improving investment activities. The proposed recommendations on improving the energy efficiency management mechanism of a metallurgical enterprise will optimize the directions of planning and competent consumption of energy resources, involve employees of enterprises in the processes of training and improving the culture of energy conservation, reveal their innovative potential for developing and promoting ideas on energy efficiency of production processes. Целью исследования является разработка методического подхода к применению на практике принципов энергоменеджмента, которые позволят повысить энергетическую эффективность металлургических предприятий. Объектом исследования выступают металлургические предприятия, имеющие потенциал к повышению энергоэффективности. Научная новизна исследования состоит в разработке методических и практических рекомендаций, направленных на повышение энергоэффективности металлургических предприятий на основе управления компетенциями сотрудников и совершенствования инвестиционной деятельности. Предложенные рекомендации по совершенствованию механизма управления энергоэффективностью металлургического предприятия позволят оптимизировать направления планирования и грамотного потребления энергоресурсов, вовлечь работников предприятий в процессы обучения и повышения культуры энергосбережения, раскрыть их инновационный потенциал для разработки и продвижения идей по энергоэффективности производственных процессов.

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  • Настоящая работа посвящена оценке перегрузок усилителя мощности по току для различных вариантов добротности антенны, уменьшения упомянутых перегрузок до требуемого уровня, и расчету энергетического проигрыша при работе ключевого усилителя мощности на сложную нагрузку (выходной фильтр и антенна). Ð’ процессе работы установлено, что если на вход фильтра подается гармоническое воздействие с выхода ключевого генератора (КГ), то присутствуют следующие перегрузки по выходному току КГ и току в антенне. При добротности нагрузки (эквивалента антенны) Q = 50 это 215,2% и 37,8% соответственно, при Q = 100 – 294,7% и 35,4%, при Q = 150 – 347,4% и 37,8%, и при Q = 200 – 374,5% и 42,9%. Если же подавать постепенно нарастающее по амплитуде (сглаженное) воздействие на вход фильтра с выхода генератора, то перегрузки по выходному току КГ можно уменьшить до требуемого уровня. This paper is devoted to estimating overloads of a power amplifier by current for various variants of the antenna quality factor, reducing these overloads to the required level, and calculating the energy loss during operation of a key power amplifier for a complex load (output filter and antenna).

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    At such huge potential of power savings which is available for today in Russia and, in particular, in Moscow to solve a problem of reliable maintenance of a city power resources only at the expense of increase in manufacture of energy unreasonably. It is necessary to reflect first of all on its rational use, about that, for example, as superfluous energy at some technological processes not to disseminate in air, and to select for the purpose of its returning in the form of the electric power in a network. При таком огромном потенциале энергосбережения, который имеется на сегодняшний день в России и, в частности, в Москве, решать проблему надежного обеспечения города энергоресурсами только за счет увеличения производства энергии неразумно. Стоит задуматься в первую очередь об её рациональном использовании, о том, например, как избыточную энергию при некоторых технологических процессах не рассеивать в воздух, а отбирать с целью возвращения её в виде электроэнергии в сеть.

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    For making contract of power supply it is necessary for consumer to pass through a number of instances and to collect certain quantity of documents. Sometimes to understand with sequence of these actions for the consumer it appears enough challenge. It is caused, first, by absence of knowledge of active legislative base, elements of law and instructions of enforcement authorities, and, secondly, absence of the complete information from manufacturers of an electric equipment about characteristics of their production. Для заключения договора энергоснабжения потребителю необходимо пройти через ряд инстанций и собрать определенное количество документов. Подчас разобраться с последовательностью этих действий для потребителя оказывается довольно сложной задачей. Это обусловлено, во-первых, отсутствием знаний о действующей законодательной базе, правовых актах и инструкций органов исполнительной власти, а, во-вторых, отсутствием полной информации от производителей электрооборудования о характеристиках их продукции.

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  • В статье приведены итоги селекционной работы по скрещиванию, генетически отдалённых и разнообразных по происхождению тритикале, краснодарской линии 93-389Т-15 и местного сорта Доктрина 110. В результате индивидуальных отборов в F2 – F4 и повторными улучшающими отборами в F10, была выделена лучшая линия (Линия 119 УБР), которая в последующем была названа сортом Горка. Данный сорт гармонично сочетает: устойчивость к лимитирующим факторам внешней среды, высокую стабильную урожайность и качество зерна. В 2017 году по результатам сортоиспытания Горка включена в Государственный Реестр селекционных достижений по Центрально-Чернозёмному, Средневолжскому и Уральскому регионам Российской Федерации. The article contains the results of breeding work on crossing genetically distant and diverse in origin kinds of triticale of Krasnodar line 93-389T-15 and local variety Doctrine 110. As a result of individual selection in F2-F4 and repeated improvement in selection of F10, we identified the best Line 119 UBR, which was later named Gorka. This variety harmoniously combines resistance to the limiting factors of the environment, high stable yield and grain quality. In 2017, Gorka is included into the State Register of Selection Achievements in the Central Blackearth Zone, Middle Volga and Ural Regions of the Russian Federation according to the results of variety testing. №12(66) (2018)

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  • Ð’ данной работе представлено проектирование двухэтажного коттеджа, рассчитанного на 1 семью, с выполнением всех условий по энергоэффективности с учетом климатических особенностей района строительства. Результатами проектирования являются: 1. BIM модель проектируемого здания; 2. Теплотехнический расчет ограждающих конструкций и подбор изоляционного материала; 3. Расчет тепловой характеристики здания с учетом трансмиссионных теплопотерь; 4. Выбор рекуператора, теплового насоса и расчет зондов; 5. Расчет системы водоснабжения с учетом сбора дождевой воды; 6. Расчет и подбор солнечных батарей в качестве дополнительного источника электропитания. Настоящая работа выполнена в соответствии с нормативными документами. При написании работы активно использовались современные информационные технологии, в том числе программное обеспечение Autodesk Revit 2022, AutoCAD 2022, Microsoft Word 2016, Excel 2016. This paper presents the design of a two-storey cottage designed for 1 family, with the fulfillment of all conditions for energy efficiency, taking into account the climatic features of the construction area. The design results are: 1. BIM model of the projected building; 2. Thermal engineering calculation of enclosing structures and selection of insulating material; 3. Calculation of the thermal characteristics of the building taking into account transmission heat losses; 4. Selection of recuperator, heat pump and calculation of probes; 5. Calculation of the water supply system taking into account the collection of rainwater; 6. Calculation and selection of solar panels as an additional power source. This work was carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. While writing the work, modern information technologies were actively used, including Autodesk Revit 2022, Autocad 2022, Microsoft Word 2016, Excel 2016 software.

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