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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kärkkäinen, Vesa;

    This thesis was done as part of the ongoing wind turbine simulator development project in Lappeenranta University of Technology. The control principles for the generator bridge and the inverter bridge used in the simulator are presented. Also faults in the medium voltage side of a wind turbine transformer and how a wind turbine should perform during fault situations are discussed. The main focus of this thesis was the simulation of the grid converter control, and the investigation of the converter control performance during a voltage dip. Finally, few suggestions how the grid converter control could be improved are made. Tämä työ on tehty Lappeenrannan teknillisessä yliopistossa, meneillään olevan tuulivoimalasimulaattorin kehitystyön yhteydessä. Työssä käydään läpi simulaattorissa käytettyjen generaattorisillan ja verkkosillan säätöperiaatteita, tehdään katsaus siirtoverkon jännitevikoihin sekä tuulivoimalan toimintaan näissä vikatilanteissa. Työn varsinainen tutkimuskohde on verkkosillan säädön toiminnan simuloiminen siirtoverkon jännitevioissa ja säädön parannusehdotukset.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao http://juuli.fi/Reco...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    http://juuli.fi/Record/0386421...
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao http://juuli.fi/Reco...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      http://juuli.fi/Record/0386421...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Käyhty, Heini;

    Worldwide climate policy and the global climate agreement strongly demand to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The greatest challenge is to produce low cost energy with renewable methods. Wind power is one of the fastest developing methods to produce electricity and with the growth of the wind turbine size the wind turbine generators have become heavier and the size of the generators has grown since the beginning of 1990's. The massive generators in wind turbine drivetrain require many kinds of structural analysis to enable the structure to last the lifetime of the wind turbine. Wind turbine loads are stochastic and sometimes very big due to wind, which makes the load determination very demanding. In addition to wind loads, additional loads due to various functions affect the generator as well. For this reason, it is advisable to take into account braking, dynamic balance, dynamic control and electrical network failure impact to the drivetrain loads of the generator. In this study different structural solutions have been examined and a great effort has been made to find out what is the feature of the structure that carries the load and also, the potential of the existing lightweight wind turbine generators compared to the structure of the conventional radial flux generator has been taken into consideration. Furthermore, the goal of this study has been to find out a way to determine wind turbine generator loads in a way that makes it possible to optimize the lightweight structure. The target of the optimization in the structure is the number of the spokes, the spoke angle and the support ring in a generator and the weight gain on the structure of different combinations caused by them. Maailmanlaajuinen ilmastopolitiikka asettaa vaativia tavoitteita hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämiselle. Suurin haaste on tuottaa energiaa mahdollisimman alhaisin kustannuksin käyttäen uusiutuvia ja ympäristöä säästäviä energiamuotoja. Tuulivoimasta on tullut nopeimmin kehittyvä sähköntuotantotapa, ja tuuliturbiinien koon kasvun myötä on myös generaattorien koko kasvanut merkittävästi 1990-luvulta lähtien. Generaattorin massiivisuus suoravetoisessa tuuliturbiinin voimansiirrossa vaatii tarkkoja kuormitustarkasteluja, jotta rakenne kestäisi tuuliturbiinin eliniän. Tuuliturbiinin kuormitukset ovat stokastisia ja toisinaan erittäin suuria, mikä vaikeuttaa kuormitusten määrittämistä. Tuulen kuormitusten lisäksi generaattori altistuu eri toimintojen kautta muillekin kuormituksille, ja tästä syystä on otettava huomioon jarrutuksen, dynaamisen tasapainon ja ohjauksen sekä verkkovikojen aiheuttamat rasitukset tuuliturbiinin voimansiirrolle. Edellisten lisäksi työssä on tarkasteltu erilaisia rakenneratkaisuja sekä pyritty kiinnittämään huomio niiden kuormankantokykyyn ja jäykkyyteen sekä generaattorin keventämismahdollisuuksiin verrattuna perinteisiin radiaalivuogeneraattoreihin. Työssä on pyritty selvittämään rakenteen kuormitukset siten, että pystyttäisiin optimoimaan mahdollisimman kevyt rakenne. Optimoinnin kohteena on pinnarakenteisen generaattorin rakenteen massa puolien, puolan kulmien sekä tukirenkaan ja niistä aiheutuvien erilaisten rakenneyhdistelmien suhteen tarkasteltuna.

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      Other ORP type . 2013 . 2014
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    Authors: Kokkonen, Eetu;

    This bachelor’s thesis is familiar with the modeling of wind turbines and the physics that are related to it. The model is a simple code that is written in MATLAB. the model works so that you can put parameters in it and it gives power values out. The operation of the model can be seen at “attachments” section. As the thesis progressed, it became clear that modeling of large parks also requires distance and turbine width modeling. Also, good basic knowledge of aerodynamic modeling could be useful. This is because of wake effect losses. Thesis’s model doesn’t contain wake effect losses in it so tests where made with only one wind turbine and with optimal wind direction. The individual wind turbine was well modeled, and the results were also good. Tämä kandidaatintyö perehtyy tuulivoimaloiden mallinnukseen ja siihen liittyvään fysiikkaan. Malli on tehty MATLAB:in, johon voidaan sijoittaa työssä läpikäytyjä parametreja. Mallin toiminta on kuvattu liitteessä 1 osiossa. Työn edetessä kävi selväksi, että suurien tuulipuistojen mallinnus vaatii myös etäisyyksien ja turbiinien leveyksien mallinnusta, jotta päästään vanahäviöihin kiinni. Myös aerodynaaminen osaaminen on tässä tarpeen. Työn malli ei perehdy tähän vaan pyrkii mallintamaan tehontuoton mahdollisimman yksinkertaisesti. Yksittäinen turbiini saatiinkin mallinnettua hyvin, ja tulokset olivat sen mukaisia.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LUTPubarrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Uosukainen, Seppo;

    Tuulivoimaloiden merkittävin melulähde on turbiinien roottorilavat, jotka tuottavat pääosin aerodynaamista laajakaistaista melua taajuusalueella 60 - 4 000 Hz. Kun lavan kohtauskulma kasvaa optimiarvostaan, tehontuotto vähenee ja äänitaso kasvaa. Pääosin yöaikaan esiintyvä voimakkaasti muuttuva tuuli-profiili stabiilissa ilmakehässä aiheuttaa sen, että tuuliturbiinien äänitasot ovat tällöin odotettua korkeampia. Roottorilapojen tuottamassa melussa esiintyy amplitudimodulaatiota syvyydeltään noin 2-3 dB noin 1 Hz modulaatiotaajuudella. Modulaation syntyyn vaikuttaa mm. thumping-ilmiö, joka syntyy lapojen liikkeestä muuttuvassa tuuliprofiilissa stabiilissa ilmakehässä. Amplitudimodulaatiota voidaan vähentää pitämällä kohtauskulma mahdollisimman vakiona varioimalla jaksottaisesti lavan nousukulmaa.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Pure VTT Finland; VT...arrow_drop_down
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    Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . Conference object . 2011
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      Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . Conference object . 2011
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Uosukainen, Seppo;

    Tuulivoimaloiden merkittävin melulähde on turbiinien roottorilavat, jotka tuottavat pääosin aerodynaamista laajakaistaista melua. Kyseisessä melussa ilmenee ± 2-3 dB:n suuruinen amplitudimodulaatio tyypillisesti noin 1 Hz:n modulaatiotaajuudella. Muita melulähteitä ovat sähköntuotantokoneiston yksittäiset osat, joista merkittävin on vaihteisto. Tuulivoimalan melun etenemiseen vaikuttavat oleellisesti geometrisen etenemisvaimennuksen lisäksi tuuliolosuhteet, lämpötilaprofiili erityisesti korkeussuunnassa sekä ilmakehän terminen stabiilisuus. Maanpinnan yläpuolella etenemiseen vaikuttavat lisäksi maaston korkeuserot ja pinnanmuodot sekä maanpinnan materiaalit ja kasvillisuus. Tuulivoimaloiden melusta häiriytyy enemmän ihmisiä kuin kuljetusvälinemelun häiriytyvyys-melualtistus-riippuvuus antaisi olettaa. Tämän katsotaan johtuvan näkö- ja kuulohavainnon yhteisvaikutuksesta sekä tuulivoimalamelun erityisen häiritsevistä ominaisuuksista, jotka aiheutuvat pääosin melun amplitudimodulaatiosta.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ VTT Research Informa...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Harju, Antti;

    This study concentrates on examining the liquid cooling circulation of wind turbine con-verters and preparing a measuring plan for it. The results of the study can be linked to air cooling system, when the whole cooling system will be covered. In the first part of the study, we take a look at modern wind power in general. Then we examine the converter, how it operates and how the cooling liquid circuit is composed. In the second part of the work, a fluid mechanical calculation model for the converter was prepared utilizing data collected earlier. This model was used to analyse sensitivity and to simulate the cooling liquid circuit of the converter if one or more cooling pipes clog up partially or fully. A new cooling liquid circuit was also designed. The final part of the study introduces equipment which is needed in the measurements, acquaints us with the operation of each component and determines advisable installation sites and straight lengths. Diplomityössä perehdytään tuuliturbiinin konvertterikaapiston nestekierron tarkasteluun ja mittausten suunnitteluun sitä varten. Tarkastelun tulokset ovat yhdistettävissä konvertterikaapiston ilmapuolen jäähdytykseen, jolloin koko jäähdytysjärjestelmä on katettu. Työn alkupuolella perehdytään lyhyesti nykyhetken tuulivoimaan. Tämän jälkeen tarkastellaan itse konvertterikaapistoa, sen toimintaa sekä nestejäähdytyksen toteutusta komponentteineen. Työn keskimmäisessä osassa konvertterille tehtiin virtaustekninen malli aiempaa mittausdataa hyväksi käyttäen. Tällä mallilla suoritettiin herkkyystarkasteluja ja simuloitiin konvertterikaapiston nestekierron käyttäytymistä yhden tai useamman haaran tukkeutuessa osittain tai kokonaan. Lisäksi suunniteltiin uusi nestekierto. Lopuksi selvitetään mittauksissa tarvittava laitteisto, perehdytään kunkin laitteen toimintaperiaatteeseen sekä selvennetään suositeltavat asennuspaikat ja suojaetäisyydet.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao LUTPubarrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Tallinen, Antti;

    Tämä diplomityö on tehty Hollming Works Oy:n Loviisan yksikölle. Työn tekovaiheessa yrityksessä oltiin aloittamassa tuulivoimalakoneikkojen sarjatyönä tapahtuvaa kokoonpanoa. Työn tavoitteena oli kehittää koneikkojen kokoonpanoverstaan toimintaa. Ennen työn alkua yritykseen oli perustettu tuulivoimalakoneikkojen kokoonpanoon tuoteverstas. Verstaalla kootaan raskaita osakokoonpanoja, jotka lopulta yhdistetään koneikoksi, jota kutsutaan myös naselliksi. Tämän jälkeen varusteluvaiheessa koneikkoon asennetaan mm. erilaisia sähköisiä ja hydraulisia järjestelmiä. Varusteluvaiheen päätteeksi koneikon toiminta testataan. Viimeisenä vaiheenakoneikon päälle asennetaan lasikuitukuori. Työn alkuosassa on käyty läpi tuotannon- ja materiaalinohjauksen perusteita, kokoonpanon kehittämistä ja layout-suunnittelua, jonka pohjalta tuulivoimalaverstaalle tehtiin kokoonpanosoluihin perustuva layoutsuunnitelma. Tuotannonohjaus suunnitelmassa perustuu kapeikko-ohjaukseen. Tuotannon kapeikon muodostava varusteluvaihe imee aiemmista vaiheista osakokoonpanot. Varusteluvaiheen ja testauksen jälkeen koneikko siirtyytyöntöohjatusti lasikuitukuoren asennukseen. Järjestelmässä pyritään tehokkaaseen tilankäyttöön, lyhyeen läpäisyaikaan ja vähäiseen keskeneräisen tuotannon määrään. his thesis is made for Hollming Works Loviisa unit. At the time this thesis was made, a serial production of wind turbine nacelles was beginning. The main purpose of this thesis was to develop operationsin a nacelle assembly workshop. Before this thesis was made, therewas founded a workshop for wind turbine nacelle assemblies. At the workshop heavy subassemblies are buildt, which are connected to as a nacelle. After this thenacelle is equipped among other things with different kind of electrical and hydraulical systems. After equipping nacelle's functions are tested. At last the nacelle is covered with fiberglass shell. The first section of this thesis introduces basics of production and material management, assembly development and layout-designing. In the last section the cell based layout for the nacelle workshop was designed. The theory of constraints is applied for production management. Nacelle equipping is the constraint of production. Subassemblies arepulled from the earlier stages to the equipping stage. After equipping and testing nacelles are pushed to the fiberglass shell assembly. The purpose of system is to achieve efficient space usage, short pass-through time and little work in progress.

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    Authors: Kiema, Mikko;

    In this Bachelor’s thesis designing and manufacturing of miniature gearbox model using 3D-printing is documented. Miniature is done using the wind turbine gearbox model designed by Moventas Gears Oy. Because of scaling down the new bearing housings and gear wheels are needed to be designed to the gearbox. Also because of the small size and the benefits of the 3D-printing the gearbox can be simplified greatly in miniature design. Also the thesis studies what problems 3D-printing may cause in designing and manufacturing the miniature model. Literature review explains the functions and mechanism of planetary gearbox and presents the Exceed Series 3+ gearbox. Also review focuses the principles of 3D-printing, different manufacturing types of printing, the printing- mechanism and the possible problems in 3D-printing.Empirical study consist the designing and manufacturing the miniature gearbox model. Due the errors in manufacturing some parts of miniature model had to be printed again. Also some parts needed little post-treatment to fit the parts together. The main problems were caused by printing software and the printing files. The printing process itself worked fine. As a result, functional miniature model of gearbox was obtained. 3D-printing can be considered good manufacturing method with small complex parts, but some problems may appear for examples in printing software. However the printing cost rose quite high and depending on the printing machine. Printing could also maybe be performed more cheaply. Työn aiheena on vaihteen pienoismallin suunnittelu ja toteutus 3d-tulostusta hyväksi käyttäen. Pienoismalli tehdään Moventas Gears Oy:n suunnittelemasta tuuliturbiinin vaihteesta. Vaihteen pienentämisestä johtuen malliin on suunniteltava uudet laakeripesät ja hammaspyörät. 3D-tulostuksen ja pienoismallin pienen koon ansiosta vaihdetta voidaan yksinkertaistaa suuresti ja näin vähentää tulostettavien osien määrää. Lisäksi työssä selvitetään, mitä ongelmia 3D-tulostus tuo valmistukseen ja suunnitteluun. Työn kirjallisessa osassa selvennetään planeettavaihteen toimintaa yleisesti sekä esitellään Exceed Series 3+ vaihdetta. Lisäksi kerrotaan 3D-tulostuksesta, sen periaatteesta, erilaisista tulostusmenetelmistä, tulostinlaitteesta ja mahdollisista ongelmista tulostuksessa. Kokeellinen osa koostuu pienoismallin suunnittelusta ja valmistuksesta. Valmistuksessa olleiden virheiden takia muutama osa jouduttiin tulostamaan uudelleen. Muutamia osia jouduttiin myös hieman jälkikäsittelemään tulostuksen jälkeen, jotta malli saatiin kasattua. Ongelmakohdaksi muodostui tulostimen ohjelmisto ja tulostustiedostot. Tulostusprosessi sujui kuitenkin hyvin. Lopputuloksena saatiin toimiva pienoismalli. 3D-tulostus toimii hyvin monimutkaisten kappaleiden tulostuksessa. Tulostuksen hinta nousi kuitenkin varsin korkeaksi. Tulostuslaitteistosta riippuen tulostuksen voisi mahdollisesti suorittaa myös halvemmallakin.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kärkkäinen, Vesa;

    This thesis was done as part of the ongoing wind turbine simulator development project in Lappeenranta University of Technology. The control principles for the generator bridge and the inverter bridge used in the simulator are presented. Also faults in the medium voltage side of a wind turbine transformer and how a wind turbine should perform during fault situations are discussed. The main focus of this thesis was the simulation of the grid converter control, and the investigation of the converter control performance during a voltage dip. Finally, few suggestions how the grid converter control could be improved are made. Tämä työ on tehty Lappeenrannan teknillisessä yliopistossa, meneillään olevan tuulivoimalasimulaattorin kehitystyön yhteydessä. Työssä käydään läpi simulaattorissa käytettyjen generaattorisillan ja verkkosillan säätöperiaatteita, tehdään katsaus siirtoverkon jännitevikoihin sekä tuulivoimalan toimintaan näissä vikatilanteissa. Työn varsinainen tutkimuskohde on verkkosillan säädön toiminnan simuloiminen siirtoverkon jännitevioissa ja säädön parannusehdotukset.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    http://juuli.fi/Record/0386421...
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao http://juuli.fi/Reco...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Käyhty, Heini;

    Worldwide climate policy and the global climate agreement strongly demand to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The greatest challenge is to produce low cost energy with renewable methods. Wind power is one of the fastest developing methods to produce electricity and with the growth of the wind turbine size the wind turbine generators have become heavier and the size of the generators has grown since the beginning of 1990's. The massive generators in wind turbine drivetrain require many kinds of structural analysis to enable the structure to last the lifetime of the wind turbine. Wind turbine loads are stochastic and sometimes very big due to wind, which makes the load determination very demanding. In addition to wind loads, additional loads due to various functions affect the generator as well. For this reason, it is advisable to take into account braking, dynamic balance, dynamic control and electrical network failure impact to the drivetrain loads of the generator. In this study different structural solutions have been examined and a great effort has been made to find out what is the feature of the structure that carries the load and also, the potential of the existing lightweight wind turbine generators compared to the structure of the conventional radial flux generator has been taken into consideration. Furthermore, the goal of this study has been to find out a way to determine wind turbine generator loads in a way that makes it possible to optimize the lightweight structure. The target of the optimization in the structure is the number of the spokes, the spoke angle and the support ring in a generator and the weight gain on the structure of different combinations caused by them. Maailmanlaajuinen ilmastopolitiikka asettaa vaativia tavoitteita hiilidioksidipäästöjen vähentämiselle. Suurin haaste on tuottaa energiaa mahdollisimman alhaisin kustannuksin käyttäen uusiutuvia ja ympäristöä säästäviä energiamuotoja. Tuulivoimasta on tullut nopeimmin kehittyvä sähköntuotantotapa, ja tuuliturbiinien koon kasvun myötä on myös generaattorien koko kasvanut merkittävästi 1990-luvulta lähtien. Generaattorin massiivisuus suoravetoisessa tuuliturbiinin voimansiirrossa vaatii tarkkoja kuormitustarkasteluja, jotta rakenne kestäisi tuuliturbiinin eliniän. Tuuliturbiinin kuormitukset ovat stokastisia ja toisinaan erittäin suuria, mikä vaikeuttaa kuormitusten määrittämistä. Tuulen kuormitusten lisäksi generaattori altistuu eri toimintojen kautta muillekin kuormituksille, ja tästä syystä on otettava huomioon jarrutuksen, dynaamisen tasapainon ja ohjauksen sekä verkkovikojen aiheuttamat rasitukset tuuliturbiinin voimansiirrolle. Edellisten lisäksi työssä on tarkasteltu erilaisia rakenneratkaisuja sekä pyritty kiinnittämään huomio niiden kuormankantokykyyn ja jäykkyyteen sekä generaattorin keventämismahdollisuuksiin verrattuna perinteisiin radiaalivuogeneraattoreihin. Työssä on pyritty selvittämään rakenteen kuormitukset siten, että pystyttäisiin optimoimaan mahdollisimman kevyt rakenne. Optimoinnin kohteena on pinnarakenteisen generaattorin rakenteen massa puolien, puolan kulmien sekä tukirenkaan ja niistä aiheutuvien erilaisten rakenneyhdistelmien suhteen tarkasteltuna.

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    Authors: Kokkonen, Eetu;

    This bachelor’s thesis is familiar with the modeling of wind turbines and the physics that are related to it. The model is a simple code that is written in MATLAB. the model works so that you can put parameters in it and it gives power values out. The operation of the model can be seen at “attachments” section. As the thesis progressed, it became clear that modeling of large parks also requires distance and turbine width modeling. Also, good basic knowledge of aerodynamic modeling could be useful. This is because of wake effect losses. Thesis’s model doesn’t contain wake effect losses in it so tests where made with only one wind turbine and with optimal wind direction. The individual wind turbine was well modeled, and the results were also good. Tämä kandidaatintyö perehtyy tuulivoimaloiden mallinnukseen ja siihen liittyvään fysiikkaan. Malli on tehty MATLAB:in, johon voidaan sijoittaa työssä läpikäytyjä parametreja. Mallin toiminta on kuvattu liitteessä 1 osiossa. Työn edetessä kävi selväksi, että suurien tuulipuistojen mallinnus vaatii myös etäisyyksien ja turbiinien leveyksien mallinnusta, jotta päästään vanahäviöihin kiinni. Myös aerodynaaminen osaaminen on tässä tarpeen. Työn malli ei perehdy tähän vaan pyrkii mallintamaan tehontuoton mahdollisimman yksinkertaisesti. Yksittäinen turbiini saatiinkin mallinnettua hyvin, ja tulokset olivat sen mukaisia.

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    Authors: Uosukainen, Seppo;

    Tuulivoimaloiden merkittävin melulähde on turbiinien roottorilavat, jotka tuottavat pääosin aerodynaamista laajakaistaista melua taajuusalueella 60 - 4 000 Hz. Kun lavan kohtauskulma kasvaa optimiarvostaan, tehontuotto vähenee ja äänitaso kasvaa. Pääosin yöaikaan esiintyvä voimakkaasti muuttuva tuuli-profiili stabiilissa ilmakehässä aiheuttaa sen, että tuuliturbiinien äänitasot ovat tällöin odotettua korkeampia. Roottorilapojen tuottamassa melussa esiintyy amplitudimodulaatiota syvyydeltään noin 2-3 dB noin 1 Hz modulaatiotaajuudella. Modulaation syntyyn vaikuttaa mm. thumping-ilmiö, joka syntyy lapojen liikkeestä muuttuvassa tuuliprofiilissa stabiilissa ilmakehässä. Amplitudimodulaatiota voidaan vähentää pitämällä kohtauskulma mahdollisimman vakiona varioimalla jaksottaisesti lavan nousukulmaa.

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      Contribution for newspaper or weekly magazine . Conference object . 2011
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    Authors: Uosukainen, Seppo;

    Tuulivoimaloiden merkittävin melulähde on turbiinien roottorilavat, jotka tuottavat pääosin aerodynaamista laajakaistaista melua. Kyseisessä melussa ilmenee ± 2-3 dB:n suuruinen amplitudimodulaatio tyypillisesti noin 1 Hz:n modulaatiotaajuudella. Muita melulähteitä ovat sähköntuotantokoneiston yksittäiset osat, joista merkittävin on vaihteisto. Tuulivoimalan melun etenemiseen vaikuttavat oleellisesti geometrisen etenemisvaimennuksen lisäksi tuuliolosuhteet, lämpötilaprofiili erityisesti korkeussuunnassa sekä ilmakehän terminen stabiilisuus. Maanpinnan yläpuolella etenemiseen vaikuttavat lisäksi maaston korkeuserot ja pinnanmuodot sekä maanpinnan materiaalit ja kasvillisuus. Tuulivoimaloiden melusta häiriytyy enemmän ihmisiä kuin kuljetusvälinemelun häiriytyvyys-melualtistus-riippuvuus antaisi olettaa. Tämän katsotaan johtuvan näkö- ja kuulohavainnon yhteisvaikutuksesta sekä tuulivoimalamelun erityisen häiritsevistä ominaisuuksista, jotka aiheutuvat pääosin melun amplitudimodulaatiosta.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Harju, Antti;

    This study concentrates on examining the liquid cooling circulation of wind turbine con-verters and preparing a measuring plan for it. The results of the study can be linked to air cooling system, when the whole cooling system will be covered. In the first part of the study, we take a look at modern wind power in general. Then we examine the converter, how it operates and how the cooling liquid circuit is composed. In the second part of the work, a fluid mechanical calculation model for the converter was prepared utilizing data collected earlier. This model was used to analyse sensitivity and to simulate the cooling liquid circuit of the converter if one or more cooling pipes clog up partially or fully. A new cooling liquid circuit was also designed. The final part of the study introduces equipment which is needed in the measurements, acquaints us with the operation of each component and determines advisable installation sites and straight lengths. Diplomityössä perehdytään tuuliturbiinin konvertterikaapiston nestekierron tarkasteluun ja mittausten suunnitteluun sitä varten. Tarkastelun tulokset ovat yhdistettävissä konvertterikaapiston ilmapuolen jäähdytykseen, jolloin koko jäähdytysjärjestelmä on katettu. Työn alkupuolella perehdytään lyhyesti nykyhetken tuulivoimaan. Tämän jälkeen tarkastellaan itse konvertterikaapistoa, sen toimintaa sekä nestejäähdytyksen toteutusta komponentteineen. Työn keskimmäisessä osassa konvertterille tehtiin virtaustekninen malli aiempaa mittausdataa hyväksi käyttäen. Tällä mallilla suoritettiin herkkyystarkasteluja ja simuloitiin konvertterikaapiston nestekierron käyttäytymistä yhden tai useamman haaran tukkeutuessa osittain tai kokonaan. Lisäksi suunniteltiin uusi nestekierto. Lopuksi selvitetään mittauksissa tarvittava laitteisto, perehdytään kunkin laitteen toimintaperiaatteeseen sekä selvennetään suositeltavat asennuspaikat ja suojaetäisyydet.

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    Authors: Tallinen, Antti;

    Tämä diplomityö on tehty Hollming Works Oy:n Loviisan yksikölle. Työn tekovaiheessa yrityksessä oltiin aloittamassa tuulivoimalakoneikkojen sarjatyönä tapahtuvaa kokoonpanoa. Työn tavoitteena oli kehittää koneikkojen kokoonpanoverstaan toimintaa. Ennen työn alkua yritykseen oli perustettu tuulivoimalakoneikkojen kokoonpanoon tuoteverstas. Verstaalla kootaan raskaita osakokoonpanoja, jotka lopulta yhdistetään koneikoksi, jota kutsutaan myös naselliksi. Tämän jälkeen varusteluvaiheessa koneikkoon asennetaan mm. erilaisia sähköisiä ja hydraulisia järjestelmiä. Varusteluvaiheen päätteeksi koneikon toiminta testataan. Viimeisenä vaiheenakoneikon päälle asennetaan lasikuitukuori. Työn alkuosassa on käyty läpi tuotannon- ja materiaalinohjauksen perusteita, kokoonpanon kehittämistä ja layout-suunnittelua, jonka pohjalta tuulivoimalaverstaalle tehtiin kokoonpanosoluihin perustuva layoutsuunnitelma. Tuotannonohjaus suunnitelmassa perustuu kapeikko-ohjaukseen. Tuotannon kapeikon muodostava varusteluvaihe imee aiemmista vaiheista osakokoonpanot. Varusteluvaiheen ja testauksen jälkeen koneikko siirtyytyöntöohjatusti lasikuitukuoren asennukseen. Järjestelmässä pyritään tehokkaaseen tilankäyttöön, lyhyeen läpäisyaikaan ja vähäiseen keskeneräisen tuotannon määrään. his thesis is made for Hollming Works Loviisa unit. At the time this thesis was made, a serial production of wind turbine nacelles was beginning. The main purpose of this thesis was to develop operationsin a nacelle assembly workshop. Before this thesis was made, therewas founded a workshop for wind turbine nacelle assemblies. At the workshop heavy subassemblies are buildt, which are connected to as a nacelle. After this thenacelle is equipped among other things with different kind of electrical and hydraulical systems. After equipping nacelle's functions are tested. At last the nacelle is covered with fiberglass shell. The first section of this thesis introduces basics of production and material management, assembly development and layout-designing. In the last section the cell based layout for the nacelle workshop was designed. The theory of constraints is applied for production management. Nacelle equipping is the constraint of production. Subassemblies arepulled from the earlier stages to the equipping stage. After equipping and testing nacelles are pushed to the fiberglass shell assembly. The purpose of system is to achieve efficient space usage, short pass-through time and little work in progress.

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    Authors: Kiema, Mikko;

    In this Bachelor’s thesis designing and manufacturing of miniature gearbox model using 3D-printing is documented. Miniature is done using the wind turbine gearbox model designed by Moventas Gears Oy. Because of scaling down the new bearing housings and gear wheels are needed to be designed to the gearbox. Also because of the small size and the benefits of the 3D-printing the gearbox can be simplified greatly in miniature design. Also the thesis studies what problems 3D-printing may cause in designing and manufacturing the miniature model. Literature review explains the functions and mechanism of planetary gearbox and presents the Exceed Series 3+ gearbox. Also review focuses the principles of 3D-printing, different manufacturing types of printing, the printing- mechanism and the possible problems in 3D-printing.Empirical study consist the designing and manufacturing the miniature gearbox model. Due the errors in manufacturing some parts of miniature model had to be printed again. Also some parts needed little post-treatment to fit the parts together. The main problems were caused by printing software and the printing files. The printing process itself worked fine. As a result, functional miniature model of gearbox was obtained. 3D-printing can be considered good manufacturing method with small complex parts, but some problems may appear for examples in printing software. However the printing cost rose quite high and depending on the printing machine. Printing could also maybe be performed more cheaply. Työn aiheena on vaihteen pienoismallin suunnittelu ja toteutus 3d-tulostusta hyväksi käyttäen. Pienoismalli tehdään Moventas Gears Oy:n suunnittelemasta tuuliturbiinin vaihteesta. Vaihteen pienentämisestä johtuen malliin on suunniteltava uudet laakeripesät ja hammaspyörät. 3D-tulostuksen ja pienoismallin pienen koon ansiosta vaihdetta voidaan yksinkertaistaa suuresti ja näin vähentää tulostettavien osien määrää. Lisäksi työssä selvitetään, mitä ongelmia 3D-tulostus tuo valmistukseen ja suunnitteluun. Työn kirjallisessa osassa selvennetään planeettavaihteen toimintaa yleisesti sekä esitellään Exceed Series 3+ vaihdetta. Lisäksi kerrotaan 3D-tulostuksesta, sen periaatteesta, erilaisista tulostusmenetelmistä, tulostinlaitteesta ja mahdollisista ongelmista tulostuksessa. Kokeellinen osa koostuu pienoismallin suunnittelusta ja valmistuksesta. Valmistuksessa olleiden virheiden takia muutama osa jouduttiin tulostamaan uudelleen. Muutamia osia jouduttiin myös hieman jälkikäsittelemään tulostuksen jälkeen, jotta malli saatiin kasattua. Ongelmakohdaksi muodostui tulostimen ohjelmisto ja tulostustiedostot. Tulostusprosessi sujui kuitenkin hyvin. Lopputuloksena saatiin toimiva pienoismalli. 3D-tulostus toimii hyvin monimutkaisten kappaleiden tulostuksessa. Tulostuksen hinta nousi kuitenkin varsin korkeaksi. Tulostuslaitteistosta riippuen tulostuksen voisi mahdollisesti suorittaa myös halvemmallakin.

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