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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lillo Bravo, Isidoro; López Román, Antón; Moreno Tejera, Sara; Delgado Sánchez, José María;

    The photovoltaic module building integration level affects the module temperature and, consequently, its output power. In this work, a methodology has been proposed to estimate the influence of the level of architectural photovoltaic integration on the photovoltaic energy balance with natural ventilation or with forced cooling systems. The developed methodology is applied for five photovoltaic module technologies (m-Si, p-Si, a-Si, CdTe, and CIGS) on four characteristic locations (Athens, Davos, Stockholm, and Würzburg). To this end, a photovoltaic module thermal radiation parameter, PVj, is introduced in the characterization of the PV module technology, rendering the correlations suitable for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications, with natural ventilation or with forced cooling systems. The results show that PVj has a significant influence on the energy balances, according to the architectural photovoltaic integration and climatic conditions. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Anna Carolina Peres Suzano e Silva; Rodrigo Flora Calili;

    Abstract Building integrated photovoltaics is an envelope solution that combines energy generation, net energy demand reduction, and aesthetics. Lighter and semi-transparent technologies made the integration of photovoltaic cells in windows possible, which could not be achieved with traditional silicon technologies. This article aims to propose a new method to measure building energy performance using parametric models, simulation, and the use of genetic algorithms, resulting in a more precise and time-saving process compared to regular methods. Three different geometries and six facade configurations were designed, window-to-wall ratio and orientation were set as variables to optimize energy demand reduction. The software used is Rhinoceros, alongside the plugins Grasshopper, Ladybug, Honeybee, and Galapagos, running all simulations and optimizations in a single platform. Galapagos performs the optimizations, an automatic process that required on average 600 simulations to find the optimal solution, while regular methods take up to 9,720 possibilities. Although the benefits from building integrated photovoltaics vary depending on building geometry and envelope configuration, a net energy demand reduction was achieved in all cases. Such values ranged from 6.76%, reached by low-rise buildings with one photovoltaic facade, to 24.04%, accomplished by mid-rises where all facades had window-integrated photovoltaics.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Feng Shan; Fang Tang; Lei Cao; Guiyin Fang;

    Abstract Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), a new concept in solar power generation field, refers to integrating the photovoltaic array into the retaining structure surface of buildings to provide electric power. Photovoltaic (PV) is the key technology in the applications of BIPV, and how to improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency has obtained more and more attention. In this paper, a brief review on the photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) solar collector and system using various working fluid was presented. Via dynamic simulation, the performance of a hybrid PVT collector using refrigerant as working fluid was evaluated and analyzed for the typical weather condition in Nanjing, China. The simulation results show the influence of the meteorological parameters and the evaporating temperature on the photovoltaic and thermal performance of the hybrid photovoltaic–thermal collector.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    citations34
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
  • Authors: João Vicente Akwa; Odorico Konrad; Gustavo Vinícius Kaufmann; Cezar Augusto Machado;

    Abstract Solar photovoltaic systems are an alternative to the current model of power generation, supplying clean energy with little environmental impact and no significant losses associated with distribution networks. This study aims to obtain data on electricity generation in real time for a photovoltaic panel installed in the city of Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, comparing the electric power generation of the photovoltaic panel with the solar radiation data of the city, obtained with the use of a pyranometer. Data from incident solar radiation, measured in the city, on the period of 2007–2012 were used. Comparisons with data from power generation of the photovoltaic panel and assessment of the solar potential were performed. The photovoltaic panel has an area of 16.5 m2 and was installed on the campus of UNIVATES University Center, arranged so that it faces the true north and tilted at an angle of 24°, for better utilization of solar radiation incident along the year. At the end of this phase of the study, it was obtained an average power generation of 11.0 kWh/day and efficiency of the modules in the order of 12.6%.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Z. Ioannidis; Annamaria Buonomano; Andreas K. Athienitis; Ted Stathopoulos;

    Abstract A numerical model is developed for simulating a single or multi–story Double Skin Facade integrating Photovoltaics (DSF-PV). The DSF-PV can co-generate solar electricity and heat, while it also allows daylight to be transmitted to the interior space. The buoyancy-driven air flow inside the cavity may be assisted by a fan to cool down the photovoltaics while providing natural or hybrid ventilation to adjacent zones. Automated roller shades are also implemented in the model and help regulate heating and cooling loads but also control the daylight levels in the indoor space. A parametric analysis for different control strategies for the airflow within the cavity and the roller shading devices is performed with the purpose to apply the proposed methodology to minimize the heating and cooling demand of the DSF-PV system. In addition, a parametric analysis for different adjacent zones floor areas is performed. The simulations show that a DSF-PV system can supply approximately 120kWh/facade area/year covering the yearly electricity demand of the adjacent office if the floor area is approximately less than 3 times larger than the floor area.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    45
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: María Soledad Penaranda Moren; Azra Korjenic;

    Abstract This paper presents the results of the analysis on the impact and influences of the “Multifunctional System: Building Greening and Photovoltaic” (MFS) on the building facade (BF) temperatures. The MFS is an ongoing project-development. It combines two well-known systems: photovoltaics (PV) and green facades (GF). The simultaneous use of PV and GF creates a green buffer (GB), which acts as an insulation tool for the PV and the BF. In addition, the MFS protects its components, the GF, the PV and the BF, especially from extreme temperatures. To validate the influences of the MFS, similar systems were setup with variations on the GB: with and without a GF. The assessment was based on the comparison of these systems with a bare wall. Findings revealed temperature reductions on the BF of up to 30 °C and an average of 21.4 °C for the maximum temperatures. In winter, it limits the cooling down effect of the wall by about 3 °C on average, when outdoor temperatures drop below 0 °C. The presented results correspond to the first period of research: from July 2015 to November 2016.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    18
    citations18
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
  • Authors: Petros Axaopoulos; Emmanouil D. Fylladitakis;

    Abstract Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems are capable of converting solar irradiation to thermal energy and electricity simultaneously. As PV/T solar systems become more popular and commercial solutions find their way into the market, it is necessary to evaluate both the energetic and economic benefits of such systems at different climatic conditions. The vast majority of the commercial solutions for residential applications are mainly intended to be used as solar water heaters with the bonus of electricity generation over the same collector area, replacing traditional solar heater solutions. In this paper, the energetic and economic performance of commercially available PV/T systems for electricity and domestic hot water production is being evaluated for use in three European countries, each under entirely different climatic and economic conditions. Economic spider diagrams are being presented to indicate how legislation and fuel prices would affect the value of such systems and useful observations are being made regarding the evaluation of their energetic performance.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Oussama Hachana; Giuseppe Marco Tina; Kamel Eddine Hemsas;

    Abstract To ensure the cost effectiveness of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) it is needed to keep the level of yearly energy production as high as possible. In this context, efficiency and availability of a PVPP have to be checked continuously. The section of a PVPP which deserves more attention is surely the PV array, where many fault conditions can happen (shading, by-pass diode faults, cable interruptions, and so on). A diagnostic tool to detect faults in the PV array is desirable, even if its implementation is critical owing to: the fluctuation of the operating conditions (mainly irradiance), which complicates the instantaneous response investigation and costs and implementation constraints to implement a distributed (at PV module level) or semi-distributed (at string level) monitoring/diagnostic system. Particularly, for BIPV systems, further constraints related to the regular access for inspection and maintenance operations have to be considered. In this paper, the procedure adopted to develop and validate a diagnostic tool can be summarized in four steps: (1) using real data to model the PV array; (2) introducing several fault scenarios on the real PV string and analyzing the relative modifications of the I–V curves; (3) assessment of the meaningful parameters useful to discern the different faults by means of a PV generator (PVG) simulator based on a metaheuristic technique denominated ABC-DE; (4) proposition of several fault signing tables to assess the PV plant fault diagnostic.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IRIS - Università de...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    48
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IRIS - Università de...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: A. Pierucci; Alessandro Cannavale; Francesco Martellotta; Francesco Fiorito;

    Abstract This study assesses the influence of photovoltachromic windows (PVCCs) on the Life Cycle Impact and Life Cycle Total Energy of office buildings. To this aim, two commercial buildings, having the same size and typology, only differing on glazing's technologies—PVCCs and commercial solar control glass panes integrated with photovoltaic (PV) panels—were compared. A full analysis was performed in three locations representative of as many climatic conditions (Aswan, Brindisi and London). The results obtained showed that the overall impact due to the production of a PVCC cell is considerably lower than the one of traditional technologies offering the same performances. Reductions of impacts spanning between 41% and 44% were obtained. Moreover, all impact categories benefited from smart windows' building integration in the operational phase, especially in the Mediterranean climate. If in Aswan the reduction of impact is mainly ascribable to energy demand for cooling, in cold climates savings in lighting energy dominate.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: D'Agostino Diana; Mazzella S.; Minelli F.; Minichiello F.;

    Photovoltaic (PV) systems are often used for the attainment of the NZEB (Net Zero Energy Building) target. The lack of sufficient roof area for the plant installation is, however, a common issue that limits the spread of this technology mainly in urban areas characterized by high density of buildings. This work evaluates the possibility of obtaining the NZEB target for residences and offices in Mediterranean area, using only “on site” PV systems, i.e., on the roof slab, considering different typologies of building. An in-depth analysis is provided for obtaining the building geometric parameters that would allow to establish, in the first stages of the design process and avoiding dynamic energy simulations, whether it is possible to achieve energy self-sufficiency for a certain building, taking into consideration the characteristics of the plans and the number of floors. The results show that, for the investigated square-based residential building, the energy self-sufficiency, and therefore the NZEB target, is obtainable up a maximum of 7 levels (6 levels for rectangular shape building, 5 for L and courtyard shapes), while, for another case study building intended for offices, the energy self-sufficiency is obtainable up to a maximum of 7 levels. For early design analyses about geometric characteristics and intended use of new buildings, it would be possible to use the results reported in this study to achieve a first evaluation of NZEB target attainment.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lillo Bravo, Isidoro; López Román, Antón; Moreno Tejera, Sara; Delgado Sánchez, José María;

    The photovoltaic module building integration level affects the module temperature and, consequently, its output power. In this work, a methodology has been proposed to estimate the influence of the level of architectural photovoltaic integration on the photovoltaic energy balance with natural ventilation or with forced cooling systems. The developed methodology is applied for five photovoltaic module technologies (m-Si, p-Si, a-Si, CdTe, and CIGS) on four characteristic locations (Athens, Davos, Stockholm, and Würzburg). To this end, a photovoltaic module thermal radiation parameter, PVj, is introduced in the characterization of the PV module technology, rendering the correlations suitable for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications, with natural ventilation or with forced cooling systems. The results show that PVj has a significant influence on the energy balances, according to the architectural photovoltaic integration and climatic conditions. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Anna Carolina Peres Suzano e Silva; Rodrigo Flora Calili;

    Abstract Building integrated photovoltaics is an envelope solution that combines energy generation, net energy demand reduction, and aesthetics. Lighter and semi-transparent technologies made the integration of photovoltaic cells in windows possible, which could not be achieved with traditional silicon technologies. This article aims to propose a new method to measure building energy performance using parametric models, simulation, and the use of genetic algorithms, resulting in a more precise and time-saving process compared to regular methods. Three different geometries and six facade configurations were designed, window-to-wall ratio and orientation were set as variables to optimize energy demand reduction. The software used is Rhinoceros, alongside the plugins Grasshopper, Ladybug, Honeybee, and Galapagos, running all simulations and optimizations in a single platform. Galapagos performs the optimizations, an automatic process that required on average 600 simulations to find the optimal solution, while regular methods take up to 9,720 possibilities. Although the benefits from building integrated photovoltaics vary depending on building geometry and envelope configuration, a net energy demand reduction was achieved in all cases. Such values ranged from 6.76%, reached by low-rise buildings with one photovoltaic facade, to 24.04%, accomplished by mid-rises where all facades had window-integrated photovoltaics.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Energy and Buildingsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Feng Shan; Fang Tang; Lei Cao; Guiyin Fang;

    Abstract Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), a new concept in solar power generation field, refers to integrating the photovoltaic array into the retaining structure surface of buildings to provide electric power. Photovoltaic (PV) is the key technology in the applications of BIPV, and how to improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency has obtained more and more attention. In this paper, a brief review on the photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) solar collector and system using various working fluid was presented. Via dynamic simulation, the performance of a hybrid PVT collector using refrigerant as working fluid was evaluated and analyzed for the typical weather condition in Nanjing, China. The simulation results show the influence of the meteorological parameters and the evaporating temperature on the photovoltaic and thermal performance of the hybrid photovoltaic–thermal collector.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: João Vicente Akwa; Odorico Konrad; Gustavo Vinícius Kaufmann; Cezar Augusto Machado;

    Abstract Solar photovoltaic systems are an alternative to the current model of power generation, supplying clean energy with little environmental impact and no significant losses associated with distribution networks. This study aims to obtain data on electricity generation in real time for a photovoltaic panel installed in the city of Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, comparing the electric power generation of the photovoltaic panel with the solar radiation data of the city, obtained with the use of a pyranometer. Data from incident solar radiation, measured in the city, on the period of 2007–2012 were used. Comparisons with data from power generation of the photovoltaic panel and assessment of the solar potential were performed. The photovoltaic panel has an area of 16.5 m2 and was installed on the campus of UNIVATES University Center, arranged so that it faces the true north and tilted at an angle of 24°, for better utilization of solar radiation incident along the year. At the end of this phase of the study, it was obtained an average power generation of 11.0 kWh/day and efficiency of the modules in the order of 12.6%.

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    Authors: Z. Ioannidis; Annamaria Buonomano; Andreas K. Athienitis; Ted Stathopoulos;

    Abstract A numerical model is developed for simulating a single or multi–story Double Skin Facade integrating Photovoltaics (DSF-PV). The DSF-PV can co-generate solar electricity and heat, while it also allows daylight to be transmitted to the interior space. The buoyancy-driven air flow inside the cavity may be assisted by a fan to cool down the photovoltaics while providing natural or hybrid ventilation to adjacent zones. Automated roller shades are also implemented in the model and help regulate heating and cooling loads but also control the daylight levels in the indoor space. A parametric analysis for different control strategies for the airflow within the cavity and the roller shading devices is performed with the purpose to apply the proposed methodology to minimize the heating and cooling demand of the DSF-PV system. In addition, a parametric analysis for different adjacent zones floor areas is performed. The simulations show that a DSF-PV system can supply approximately 120kWh/facade area/year covering the yearly electricity demand of the adjacent office if the floor area is approximately less than 3 times larger than the floor area.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: María Soledad Penaranda Moren; Azra Korjenic;

    Abstract This paper presents the results of the analysis on the impact and influences of the “Multifunctional System: Building Greening and Photovoltaic” (MFS) on the building facade (BF) temperatures. The MFS is an ongoing project-development. It combines two well-known systems: photovoltaics (PV) and green facades (GF). The simultaneous use of PV and GF creates a green buffer (GB), which acts as an insulation tool for the PV and the BF. In addition, the MFS protects its components, the GF, the PV and the BF, especially from extreme temperatures. To validate the influences of the MFS, similar systems were setup with variations on the GB: with and without a GF. The assessment was based on the comparison of these systems with a bare wall. Findings revealed temperature reductions on the BF of up to 30 °C and an average of 21.4 °C for the maximum temperatures. In winter, it limits the cooling down effect of the wall by about 3 °C on average, when outdoor temperatures drop below 0 °C. The presented results correspond to the first period of research: from July 2015 to November 2016.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Petros Axaopoulos; Emmanouil D. Fylladitakis;

    Abstract Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems are capable of converting solar irradiation to thermal energy and electricity simultaneously. As PV/T solar systems become more popular and commercial solutions find their way into the market, it is necessary to evaluate both the energetic and economic benefits of such systems at different climatic conditions. The vast majority of the commercial solutions for residential applications are mainly intended to be used as solar water heaters with the bonus of electricity generation over the same collector area, replacing traditional solar heater solutions. In this paper, the energetic and economic performance of commercially available PV/T systems for electricity and domestic hot water production is being evaluated for use in three European countries, each under entirely different climatic and economic conditions. Economic spider diagrams are being presented to indicate how legislation and fuel prices would affect the value of such systems and useful observations are being made regarding the evaluation of their energetic performance.

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    Authors: Oussama Hachana; Giuseppe Marco Tina; Kamel Eddine Hemsas;

    Abstract To ensure the cost effectiveness of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) it is needed to keep the level of yearly energy production as high as possible. In this context, efficiency and availability of a PVPP have to be checked continuously. The section of a PVPP which deserves more attention is surely the PV array, where many fault conditions can happen (shading, by-pass diode faults, cable interruptions, and so on). A diagnostic tool to detect faults in the PV array is desirable, even if its implementation is critical owing to: the fluctuation of the operating conditions (mainly irradiance), which complicates the instantaneous response investigation and costs and implementation constraints to implement a distributed (at PV module level) or semi-distributed (at string level) monitoring/diagnostic system. Particularly, for BIPV systems, further constraints related to the regular access for inspection and maintenance operations have to be considered. In this paper, the procedure adopted to develop and validate a diagnostic tool can be summarized in four steps: (1) using real data to model the PV array; (2) introducing several fault scenarios on the real PV string and analyzing the relative modifications of the I–V curves; (3) assessment of the meaningful parameters useful to discern the different faults by means of a PV generator (PVG) simulator based on a metaheuristic technique denominated ABC-DE; (4) proposition of several fault signing tables to assess the PV plant fault diagnostic.

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    Authors: A. Pierucci; Alessandro Cannavale; Francesco Martellotta; Francesco Fiorito;

    Abstract This study assesses the influence of photovoltachromic windows (PVCCs) on the Life Cycle Impact and Life Cycle Total Energy of office buildings. To this aim, two commercial buildings, having the same size and typology, only differing on glazing's technologies—PVCCs and commercial solar control glass panes integrated with photovoltaic (PV) panels—were compared. A full analysis was performed in three locations representative of as many climatic conditions (Aswan, Brindisi and London). The results obtained showed that the overall impact due to the production of a PVCC cell is considerably lower than the one of traditional technologies offering the same performances. Reductions of impacts spanning between 41% and 44% were obtained. Moreover, all impact categories benefited from smart windows' building integration in the operational phase, especially in the Mediterranean climate. If in Aswan the reduction of impact is mainly ascribable to energy demand for cooling, in cold climates savings in lighting energy dominate.

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    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio Istituziona...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: D'Agostino Diana; Mazzella S.; Minelli F.; Minichiello F.;

    Photovoltaic (PV) systems are often used for the attainment of the NZEB (Net Zero Energy Building) target. The lack of sufficient roof area for the plant installation is, however, a common issue that limits the spread of this technology mainly in urban areas characterized by high density of buildings. This work evaluates the possibility of obtaining the NZEB target for residences and offices in Mediterranean area, using only “on site” PV systems, i.e., on the roof slab, considering different typologies of building. An in-depth analysis is provided for obtaining the building geometric parameters that would allow to establish, in the first stages of the design process and avoiding dynamic energy simulations, whether it is possible to achieve energy self-sufficiency for a certain building, taking into consideration the characteristics of the plans and the number of floors. The results show that, for the investigated square-based residential building, the energy self-sufficiency, and therefore the NZEB target, is obtainable up a maximum of 7 levels (6 levels for rectangular shape building, 5 for L and courtyard shapes), while, for another case study building intended for offices, the energy self-sufficiency is obtainable up to a maximum of 7 levels. For early design analyses about geometric characteristics and intended use of new buildings, it would be possible to use the results reported in this study to achieve a first evaluation of NZEB target attainment.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Energy and Buildings
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Archivio della ricer...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Energy and Buildings
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref