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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Thurner, Paul; Brouard, Sylvain; Guinaudeau, Isabelle; Dolezal, Martin; +2 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao SPIRE - Sciences Po ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    MAnnheim DOCument Server
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2017
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao SPIRE - Sciences Po ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      MAnnheim DOCument Server
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2017
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Christian von Hirschhausen; Felix Reitz;

    Three years after the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima one observes a certain momentum with regard to lifetime extensions as well as some interest in new building ofnuclear power plants. Advocates of nuclear power argue in term of low-cost electricity generation, a secure supply as well as a contribution against climate change. The Reference Scenario of the European Commission - which sets the agenda on the EU Climate and Energy Strategy to 2030 - implies massive new buildings of nuclear power plants, not less than seven are forecasted for Poland alone. In Germany, too, voices are re-appearing that criticize the upcoming nuclear phase-out. However, DIWBerlin clearly derives that there is no "Renaissance" of nuclear power under way: the plans to construct new plants are concentrated in a few countries, mainly China. Butforemost, the discussion neglects that nuclear power has never in history been produced economically, taking into account the costs of risks for mankind and the environment, the scrapping of nuclear waste, let alone the infrastructure of R & D and the corresponding national innovation system. The question where to store the highly radioactive waste is of yet unresolved. Phasing out nuclear is the safest and cost efficient strategy. The European discussion should not focus on analytical models that neglect a large part of the economic cost. Germany can continue its nuclear phase-out until 2022, without risking the supply security; this also holds for the upcoming closure of the Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant in 2015. Questions of scrapping old nuclear power plants and of long-term storage of radioactive waste have been ignored for a long time, they need to be addressed urgently now.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    EconStor
    Article . 2014
    Data sources: EconStor
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EconStor
    Article . 2014
    Data sources: EconStor
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Article . 2014
      Data sources: EconStor
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EconStor
      Article . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Neidell, Matthew; Uchida, Shinsuke; Veronesi, Marcella;

    This paper provides a large scale, empirical evaluation of unintended effects from invoking the precautionary principle after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. After the accident, all nuclear power stations ceased operation and nuclear power was replaced by fossil fuels, causing an exogenous increase in electricity prices. This increase led to a reduction in energy consumption, which caused an increase in mortality during very cold temperatures. We estimate that the increase in mortality from higher electricity prices outnumbers the mortality from the accident itself, suggesting the decision to cease nuclear production has contributed to more deaths than the accident itself.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    EconStor
    Research . 2019
    Data sources: EconStor
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EconStor
    Research . 2019
    Data sources: EconStor
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Research . 2019
      Data sources: EconStor
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EconStor
      Research . 2019
      Data sources: EconStor
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: von Hirschhausen, Christian R.; Reitz, Felix;

    Drei Jahre nach der Atomkatastrophe im japanischen Fukushima rücken Laufzeitverlängerungen bestehender Kernkraftwerke und der Bau neuer Reaktoren weltweit wieder stärker in den Fokus. Befürworter erhoffen sich eine kostengünstige Stromerzeugung, eine sichere Energieversorgung sowie einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz. Das Referenzszenario der Europäischen Kommission - die Grundlage für die Diskussion der Energie- und Klimapolitik 2030 - legt einen massiven Ausbau der Atomkraft nahe, darunter den Neubau von sieben Atomkraftwerken in Polen. Auch in Deutschland mehren sich die Stimmen, die den bevorstehenden Atomausstieg kritisieren. Von einer Renaissance der Atomkraft kann nach Ansicht des DIW Berlin jedoch nicht die Rede sein: Laufende Ausbauprojekte konzentrieren sich auf wenige Länder, insbesondere China. Vor allem aber wird in der Diskussion vernachlässigt, dass Atomkraft bisher noch nie wirtschaftlich betrieben werden konnte, sofern Risiken für Mensch und Umwelt, Kosten für einen späteren Rückbau und die Endlagerung sowie der notwendigen Infrastruktur für Forschung und Entwicklung berücksichtigt werden. Die Fragen, wie und wo hochradioaktive Abfälle endgelagert werden sollen, sind ungelöst. Als sicherste und kostengünstigste Antwort erscheint daher der Ausstieg aus der Atomkraft. Die europäische Diskussion sollte sich nicht an Modellrechnungen orientieren, die einen großen Teil der Kosten vernachlässigen. Deutschland kann unbeirrt an seinem Atomausstieg festhalten, ohne die Versorgungssicherheit zu gefährden; dies gilt auch für die Abschaltung des Atomkraftwerks Grafenrheinfeld im Jahr 2015. Parallel zum Ausstieg sollten umgehend lange vernachlässigte Fragen des Rückbaus und der Endlagerung von Atommüll geklärt werden. Three years after the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima one observes a certain momentum with regard to lifetime extensions as well as some interest in new building of nuclear power plants. Advocates of nuclear power argue in term of low-cost electricity generation, a secure supply as well as a contribution against climate change. The Reference Scenario of the European Commission - which sets the agenda on the EU Climate and Energy Strategy to 2030 - implies massive new buildings of nuclear power plants, not less than seven are forecasted for Poland alone. In Germany, too, voices are re-appearing that criticize the upcoming nuclear phase-out. However, DIW Berlin clearly derives that there is no Renaissance of nuclear power under way: the plans to construct new plants are concentrated in a few countries, mainly China. But foremost, the discussion neglects that nuclear power has never in history been produced economically, taking into account the costs of risks for mankind and the environment, the scrapping of nuclear waste, let alone the infrastructure of R & D and the corresponding national innovation system. The question where to store the highly radioactive waste is of yet unresolved. Phasing out nuclear is the safest and cost efficient strategy. The European discussion should not focus on analytical models that neglect a large part of the economic cost. Germany can continue its nuclear phase-out until 2022, without risking the supply security; this also holds for the upcoming closure of the Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant in 2015. Questions of scrapping old nuclear power plants and of long-term storage of radioactive waste have been ignored for a long time, they need to be addressed urgently now.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    EconStor
    Article . 2014
    Data sources: EconStor
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EconStor
    Article . 2014
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Article . 2014
      Data sources: EconStor
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EconStor
      Article . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sen, A; Nepal, R; Jamasb, T;

    After more than two decades of attempts at electricity sector reform, there is a strong case for assessing empirical evidence on its outcomes, particularly for developing countries. Electricity reform programmes, implemented through the ‘standard’ or ‘textbook’ model, have their foundations in standard microeconomic theory and are based on the rationale that restructuring towards greater competition can lead to higher efficiency, maximise economic welfare, and transfer surplus to consumers. In practice, this has not always been the case, even in the OECD economies which pioneered the standard model. This paper investigates the outcomes of the standard model for developing countries, by applying instrumental variable regression techniques on an original and previously untested panel dataset covering 17 non-OECD developing Asian economies spanning 23 years. In contrast with the theoretical literature, our results show a tension between wider economic impacts and welfare impacts for consumers: namely, the variables that are associated with a positive effect on economic growth appear to be associated with a negative impact on welfare indicators. Our results show that institutional factors have influenced the outcomes, underscoring the point that the uniform application of the standard model without reference to the heterogeneity of the countries is unlikely to have resulted in originally intended outcomes. Our results call for a renewed thinking, or ‘reform’ of electricity reforms.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    EconStor
    Research . 2016
    Data sources: EconStor
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EconStor
    Research . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStorarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      EconStor
      Research . 2016
      Data sources: EconStor
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EconStor
      Research . 2016
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Claudia Kemfert; Thure Traber;

    Deutschlands Stromversorgung steht an einem Wendepunkt. Kohle ist wie die Kernkraft keine Zukunftstechnologie. Auf den Zubau von Kohlekraftwerken kann verzichtet werden, wenn rasch in den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien investiert wird. Ein Weg in eine sichere und saubere Energieversorgung ist die Nutzung existierender Kraftwerke als Brücke bis durch Speichertechnologien und Netzausbau eine Integration der erneuerbaren Energien gesichert wird.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStor; Forschungs...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    EconStor
    Article . 2010
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStor; Forschungs...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EconStor
      Article . 2010
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kemfert, Claudia; Gerbaulet, Clemens; Hirschhausen, Christian von; Lorenz, Casimir; +1 Authors

    The upcoming Climate Change Conference in Paris will once again highlight the need for action to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate climate change. The relevant global energy scenarios are often still based on the assumption that the expansion of nuclear power can contribute to climate protection. The increasing investment and operating costs of nuclear plants, the unresolved issues concerning the dismantling of plants and permanent storage of nuclear waste, and the continuing lack of insurability against nuclear accidents make nuclear power extremely unattractive from an economic perspective. As a result, many nuclear power companies are facing financial difficulties. The nuclear renaissance is a myth: the majority of the around 400 nuclear power stations currently in operation around the world are outdated and will still need to be dismantled after they have been decommissioned. The construction of new nuclear power plants is restricted to a small number of countries, predominantly China. DIW Berlin has modeled a number of scenarios to forecast European power supply up to 2050 and they show that, with a marked expansion of renewable energy sources, Europe can meet its climate targets without nuclear power. The proliferation of more cost-effective renewable energy technologies, particularly wind and solar power, can compensate for the anticipated decline in nuclear power. In a scenario that includes no new nuclear power plant construction at all, renewables account for 88 percent of powergeneration capacity. Nuclear power was, is, and will never be a sustainable energy source and is, therefore, unsuitable for an efficient climate policy. A transition to greater use of renewables is the more cost-effective option overall. Die kommende Klimakonferenz in Paris wird einmal mehr den Handlungsbedarf zur globalen Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen verdeutlichen, um die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels einzudämmen. Relevante globale Energieszenarien gehen oftmals noch davon aus, dass der Ausbau der Atomkraft einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten wird. Die deutlich gestiegenen Investitionskosten für neue Atomkraftwerke, zunehmende Betriebskosten, ungelöste Fragen des Rückbaus und der Endlagerung und die nach wie vor fehlende Versicherbarkeit von Atomunfällen machen die Atomenergie wirtschaftlich jedoch äußerst unattraktiv. Dementsprechend befinden sich viele Atomkonzerne in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten. Eine angebliche Renaissance der Atomenergie gibt es nicht: Die meisten der weltweit rund 400 Atomkraftwerke, die derzeit betrieben werden, sind alt und müssen nach ihrer Stilllegung zurückgebaut werden. Der Kraftwerksneubau beschränkt sich auf wenige Länder, vor allem China. Szenarioanalysen des DIW Berlin für die europäische Stromversorgung bis 2050 zeigen, dass Europa seine Klimaschutzziele bei einem deutlichen Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien auch ohne Atomkraft erreichen kann. Dank zunehmend kostengünstiger Technologien, insbesondere Windkraft und Photovoltaik, kann der zu erwartende Rückgang der Atomkraft kompensiert werden. In einem Szenario gänzlich ohne Neubauten von Atomkraftwerken stellen die erneuerbaren Energien im Jahr 2050 88 Prozent der Stromerzeugungskapazitäten dar. Atomkraft war, ist und wird keine nachhaltige Energiequelle und ist daher für eine effiziente Klimapolitik ungeeignet. Der Umbau hin zu einem verstärkten Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien ist gesamtwirtschaftlich die kostengünstigere Variante.

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    EconStor
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kemfert, Claudia; Gerbaulet, Clemens; Hirschhausen, Christian von; Lorenz, Casimir; +1 Authors

    The upcoming Climate Change Conference in Paris will once again highlight the need for action to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate climate change. The relevant global energy scenarios are often still based on the assumption that the expansion of nuclear power can contribute to climate change mitigation. The spiraling investment and operating costs of nuclear plants, the unresolved issues concerning the dismantling of these plants and permanent storage of nuclear waste, and the continuing lack of insurability against nuclear accidents make nuclear power extremely unattractive from an economic perspective. As a result, many nuclear power companies are facing financial difficulties. The nuclear renaissance was simply a fairy tale: the majority of the around 400 nuclear power stations currently in operation around the world are outdated and will still need to be dismantled after they have been decommissioned. The construction of new nuclear power plants is restricted to a small number of countries, predominantly China. DIW Berlin has modeled a number of scenarios to forecast European power supply up to 2050 and these show that, with a marked expansion of renewable energy sources, Europe can meet its climate targets without nuclear power. The proliferation of more cost-effective renewable energy technologies, particularly wind and solar power, can compensate for the anticipated decline in nuclear power. In a scenario that includes no new nuclear power plant construction at all, renewables account for 88 percent of powergeneration capacity. Nuclear power was not, is not, and never will be a sustainable energy source and is, therefore, unsuitable for an efficient climate policy. A transition to greater use of renewables is the more cost-effective option overall.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ EconStor; Forschungs...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      EconStor
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hirschhausen, Christian von; Gerbaulet, Clemens; Kemfert, Claudia; Reitz, Felix; +2 Authors

    Fragen der Finanzierung des Rückbaus von Atomkraftwerken und der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle stehen im Mittelpunkt der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um die weitere Ausgestaltung des Atomausstiegs. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass sich die Atomkraftwerksbetreiber ihrer finanziellen Verantwortung langfristig zumindest teilweise entziehen. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen zeigen, dass es beim Rückbau von Atomkraftwerken und bei der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle oft zu erheblichen Verzögerungen sowie Kostensteigerungen kommt. Bisher fehlt nach wie vor ein Endlager für hochradioaktive Abfälle, während beim derzeit im Bau befindlichen Endlager Konrad für schwach- bis mittelradioaktive Abfälle die genehmigten Kapazitäten absehbar zu knapp bemessen sind. Zur langfristigen Sicherung der Finanzierung des Kraftwerksrückbaus und der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle werden derzeit die Bildung von unternehmensinternen Fonds, die Schaffung eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds sowie Mischformen dieser Konzepte diskutiert. Aufgrund der Interdependenzen zwischen Rückbau und Entsorgung sowie des langen abzudeckenden Zeitraums erscheint die Einrichtung eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds am besten geeignet, um die Finanzierung dauerhaft zu sichern, das Verursacherprinzip zu wahren und die finanziellen Risiken für die Gesellschaft zu mindern. Die Bundesregierung sollte deshalb einen öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds einrichten, der sowohl der Finanzierung des Rückbaus der Atomkraftwerke als auch der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle dient. Die Zuführung der notwendigen Mittel zum Fonds sollte zeitlich gestreckt werden, um den Unternehmen die Anpassung zu erleichtern. At present, the question how to finance the decommissioning of nuclear plants and the management of radioactive waste, and how to structure the next steps of the German nuclear phase-out is in the center of the current debate. There is a threat that nuclear power plant operators could partially abdicate their financial responsibility in the long term. Previous experiences have shown that decommissioning nuclear plants and managing radioactive waste often involves substantial delays and cost increases. So far, a permanent repository for highly radioactive waste is still missing. At the same time, the capacity of the repository Konrad for low and medium level radioactive waste, which is currently being built, is too low for all the waste expected. In order to secure the financing of plant decommissioning and radioactive waste management in the long term, several concepts are being discussed, among them intra-corporate funds, a public fund, as well as hybrid solutions of these approaches.Because of the existing interdependencies between plant decommissioning and waste management and a very long time horizon, the establishment of a public fund appears to be most suitable in order to secure long-term financing, to adhere to the "polluter-pays principle", and to mitigate the financial risks of the society. The German government should thus establish a single public fund which secures the financing of both plant decommissioning and radioactive waste management. The payments to the fund should be spread over time in order to help the companies to adapt.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2015
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Navarro, Adoracion M.;

    Nuclear energy remains a promising option for the Philippines. But as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has reiterated, deciding to use nuclear energy is a long-term commitment and one that should consider a time frame of 100 years from construction to decommissioning and waste disposal or storage. Thus, it would do well for the Philippines to follow the IAEA's Milestones Approach and for every government administration to be consistent in seeking progress through this approach. As a demonstration of understanding the commitment involved in nuclear energy development, the positive national position adopted by the Duterte administration may have to be confirmed and reinforced by the Marcos Jr. administration by issuing a fresh mandate to the inter-agency committee for the nuclear energy program and by setting new targets and timetable for the requirements that remain unaddressed. The Philippines also needs to ratify the international legal instruments that it signed in the past. The existing legal framework in the Philippines for nuclear energy development and regulation also needs to be updated. On the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP), the decision whether to rehabilitate it must be guided by project economics. Aside from the huge cost, the biggest hurdle in rehabilitating the BNPP is the fact that the government is no longer allowed under the Electric Power Industry Reform Act to engage in power generation except for missionary electrification. If the project economics of BNPP rehabilitation, or a new nuclear power plant at the same site with flexible dispatchability, would prove that this is worth undertaking, it is better to attract the private sector to the project economics of it through incentives rather than the government directly making the investments and competing in the generation sector. Lastly, the prospects for nuclear energy development in the Philippines must not only be well argued before policy makers but be convincingly communicated as well to the general public.

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Thurner, Paul; Brouard, Sylvain; Guinaudeau, Isabelle; Dolezal, Martin; +2 Authors
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao SPIRE - Sciences Po ...arrow_drop_down
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    MAnnheim DOCument Server
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2017
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      MAnnheim DOCument Server
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2017
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Christian von Hirschhausen; Felix Reitz;

    Three years after the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima one observes a certain momentum with regard to lifetime extensions as well as some interest in new building ofnuclear power plants. Advocates of nuclear power argue in term of low-cost electricity generation, a secure supply as well as a contribution against climate change. The Reference Scenario of the European Commission - which sets the agenda on the EU Climate and Energy Strategy to 2030 - implies massive new buildings of nuclear power plants, not less than seven are forecasted for Poland alone. In Germany, too, voices are re-appearing that criticize the upcoming nuclear phase-out. However, DIWBerlin clearly derives that there is no "Renaissance" of nuclear power under way: the plans to construct new plants are concentrated in a few countries, mainly China. Butforemost, the discussion neglects that nuclear power has never in history been produced economically, taking into account the costs of risks for mankind and the environment, the scrapping of nuclear waste, let alone the infrastructure of R & D and the corresponding national innovation system. The question where to store the highly radioactive waste is of yet unresolved. Phasing out nuclear is the safest and cost efficient strategy. The European discussion should not focus on analytical models that neglect a large part of the economic cost. Germany can continue its nuclear phase-out until 2022, without risking the supply security; this also holds for the upcoming closure of the Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant in 2015. Questions of scrapping old nuclear power plants and of long-term storage of radioactive waste have been ignored for a long time, they need to be addressed urgently now.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2014
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    Authors: Neidell, Matthew; Uchida, Shinsuke; Veronesi, Marcella;

    This paper provides a large scale, empirical evaluation of unintended effects from invoking the precautionary principle after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. After the accident, all nuclear power stations ceased operation and nuclear power was replaced by fossil fuels, causing an exogenous increase in electricity prices. This increase led to a reduction in energy consumption, which caused an increase in mortality during very cold temperatures. We estimate that the increase in mortality from higher electricity prices outnumbers the mortality from the accident itself, suggesting the decision to cease nuclear production has contributed to more deaths than the accident itself.

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    Authors: von Hirschhausen, Christian R.; Reitz, Felix;

    Drei Jahre nach der Atomkatastrophe im japanischen Fukushima rücken Laufzeitverlängerungen bestehender Kernkraftwerke und der Bau neuer Reaktoren weltweit wieder stärker in den Fokus. Befürworter erhoffen sich eine kostengünstige Stromerzeugung, eine sichere Energieversorgung sowie einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz. Das Referenzszenario der Europäischen Kommission - die Grundlage für die Diskussion der Energie- und Klimapolitik 2030 - legt einen massiven Ausbau der Atomkraft nahe, darunter den Neubau von sieben Atomkraftwerken in Polen. Auch in Deutschland mehren sich die Stimmen, die den bevorstehenden Atomausstieg kritisieren. Von einer Renaissance der Atomkraft kann nach Ansicht des DIW Berlin jedoch nicht die Rede sein: Laufende Ausbauprojekte konzentrieren sich auf wenige Länder, insbesondere China. Vor allem aber wird in der Diskussion vernachlässigt, dass Atomkraft bisher noch nie wirtschaftlich betrieben werden konnte, sofern Risiken für Mensch und Umwelt, Kosten für einen späteren Rückbau und die Endlagerung sowie der notwendigen Infrastruktur für Forschung und Entwicklung berücksichtigt werden. Die Fragen, wie und wo hochradioaktive Abfälle endgelagert werden sollen, sind ungelöst. Als sicherste und kostengünstigste Antwort erscheint daher der Ausstieg aus der Atomkraft. Die europäische Diskussion sollte sich nicht an Modellrechnungen orientieren, die einen großen Teil der Kosten vernachlässigen. Deutschland kann unbeirrt an seinem Atomausstieg festhalten, ohne die Versorgungssicherheit zu gefährden; dies gilt auch für die Abschaltung des Atomkraftwerks Grafenrheinfeld im Jahr 2015. Parallel zum Ausstieg sollten umgehend lange vernachlässigte Fragen des Rückbaus und der Endlagerung von Atommüll geklärt werden. Three years after the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima one observes a certain momentum with regard to lifetime extensions as well as some interest in new building of nuclear power plants. Advocates of nuclear power argue in term of low-cost electricity generation, a secure supply as well as a contribution against climate change. The Reference Scenario of the European Commission - which sets the agenda on the EU Climate and Energy Strategy to 2030 - implies massive new buildings of nuclear power plants, not less than seven are forecasted for Poland alone. In Germany, too, voices are re-appearing that criticize the upcoming nuclear phase-out. However, DIW Berlin clearly derives that there is no Renaissance of nuclear power under way: the plans to construct new plants are concentrated in a few countries, mainly China. But foremost, the discussion neglects that nuclear power has never in history been produced economically, taking into account the costs of risks for mankind and the environment, the scrapping of nuclear waste, let alone the infrastructure of R & D and the corresponding national innovation system. The question where to store the highly radioactive waste is of yet unresolved. Phasing out nuclear is the safest and cost efficient strategy. The European discussion should not focus on analytical models that neglect a large part of the economic cost. Germany can continue its nuclear phase-out until 2022, without risking the supply security; this also holds for the upcoming closure of the Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant in 2015. Questions of scrapping old nuclear power plants and of long-term storage of radioactive waste have been ignored for a long time, they need to be addressed urgently now.

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    Authors: Sen, A; Nepal, R; Jamasb, T;

    After more than two decades of attempts at electricity sector reform, there is a strong case for assessing empirical evidence on its outcomes, particularly for developing countries. Electricity reform programmes, implemented through the ‘standard’ or ‘textbook’ model, have their foundations in standard microeconomic theory and are based on the rationale that restructuring towards greater competition can lead to higher efficiency, maximise economic welfare, and transfer surplus to consumers. In practice, this has not always been the case, even in the OECD economies which pioneered the standard model. This paper investigates the outcomes of the standard model for developing countries, by applying instrumental variable regression techniques on an original and previously untested panel dataset covering 17 non-OECD developing Asian economies spanning 23 years. In contrast with the theoretical literature, our results show a tension between wider economic impacts and welfare impacts for consumers: namely, the variables that are associated with a positive effect on economic growth appear to be associated with a negative impact on welfare indicators. Our results show that institutional factors have influenced the outcomes, underscoring the point that the uniform application of the standard model without reference to the heterogeneity of the countries is unlikely to have resulted in originally intended outcomes. Our results call for a renewed thinking, or ‘reform’ of electricity reforms.

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    Research . 2016
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    Authors: Claudia Kemfert; Thure Traber;

    Deutschlands Stromversorgung steht an einem Wendepunkt. Kohle ist wie die Kernkraft keine Zukunftstechnologie. Auf den Zubau von Kohlekraftwerken kann verzichtet werden, wenn rasch in den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien investiert wird. Ein Weg in eine sichere und saubere Energieversorgung ist die Nutzung existierender Kraftwerke als Brücke bis durch Speichertechnologien und Netzausbau eine Integration der erneuerbaren Energien gesichert wird.

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    Authors: Kemfert, Claudia; Gerbaulet, Clemens; Hirschhausen, Christian von; Lorenz, Casimir; +1 Authors

    The upcoming Climate Change Conference in Paris will once again highlight the need for action to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate climate change. The relevant global energy scenarios are often still based on the assumption that the expansion of nuclear power can contribute to climate protection. The increasing investment and operating costs of nuclear plants, the unresolved issues concerning the dismantling of plants and permanent storage of nuclear waste, and the continuing lack of insurability against nuclear accidents make nuclear power extremely unattractive from an economic perspective. As a result, many nuclear power companies are facing financial difficulties. The nuclear renaissance is a myth: the majority of the around 400 nuclear power stations currently in operation around the world are outdated and will still need to be dismantled after they have been decommissioned. The construction of new nuclear power plants is restricted to a small number of countries, predominantly China. DIW Berlin has modeled a number of scenarios to forecast European power supply up to 2050 and they show that, with a marked expansion of renewable energy sources, Europe can meet its climate targets without nuclear power. The proliferation of more cost-effective renewable energy technologies, particularly wind and solar power, can compensate for the anticipated decline in nuclear power. In a scenario that includes no new nuclear power plant construction at all, renewables account for 88 percent of powergeneration capacity. Nuclear power was, is, and will never be a sustainable energy source and is, therefore, unsuitable for an efficient climate policy. A transition to greater use of renewables is the more cost-effective option overall. Die kommende Klimakonferenz in Paris wird einmal mehr den Handlungsbedarf zur globalen Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen verdeutlichen, um die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels einzudämmen. Relevante globale Energieszenarien gehen oftmals noch davon aus, dass der Ausbau der Atomkraft einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz leisten wird. Die deutlich gestiegenen Investitionskosten für neue Atomkraftwerke, zunehmende Betriebskosten, ungelöste Fragen des Rückbaus und der Endlagerung und die nach wie vor fehlende Versicherbarkeit von Atomunfällen machen die Atomenergie wirtschaftlich jedoch äußerst unattraktiv. Dementsprechend befinden sich viele Atomkonzerne in finanziellen Schwierigkeiten. Eine angebliche Renaissance der Atomenergie gibt es nicht: Die meisten der weltweit rund 400 Atomkraftwerke, die derzeit betrieben werden, sind alt und müssen nach ihrer Stilllegung zurückgebaut werden. Der Kraftwerksneubau beschränkt sich auf wenige Länder, vor allem China. Szenarioanalysen des DIW Berlin für die europäische Stromversorgung bis 2050 zeigen, dass Europa seine Klimaschutzziele bei einem deutlichen Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien auch ohne Atomkraft erreichen kann. Dank zunehmend kostengünstiger Technologien, insbesondere Windkraft und Photovoltaik, kann der zu erwartende Rückgang der Atomkraft kompensiert werden. In einem Szenario gänzlich ohne Neubauten von Atomkraftwerken stellen die erneuerbaren Energien im Jahr 2050 88 Prozent der Stromerzeugungskapazitäten dar. Atomkraft war, ist und wird keine nachhaltige Energiequelle und ist daher für eine effiziente Klimapolitik ungeeignet. Der Umbau hin zu einem verstärkten Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien ist gesamtwirtschaftlich die kostengünstigere Variante.

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      EconStor
      Article . 2015
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      Article . 2015
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    Authors: Kemfert, Claudia; Gerbaulet, Clemens; Hirschhausen, Christian von; Lorenz, Casimir; +1 Authors

    The upcoming Climate Change Conference in Paris will once again highlight the need for action to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions in order to mitigate climate change. The relevant global energy scenarios are often still based on the assumption that the expansion of nuclear power can contribute to climate change mitigation. The spiraling investment and operating costs of nuclear plants, the unresolved issues concerning the dismantling of these plants and permanent storage of nuclear waste, and the continuing lack of insurability against nuclear accidents make nuclear power extremely unattractive from an economic perspective. As a result, many nuclear power companies are facing financial difficulties. The nuclear renaissance was simply a fairy tale: the majority of the around 400 nuclear power stations currently in operation around the world are outdated and will still need to be dismantled after they have been decommissioned. The construction of new nuclear power plants is restricted to a small number of countries, predominantly China. DIW Berlin has modeled a number of scenarios to forecast European power supply up to 2050 and these show that, with a marked expansion of renewable energy sources, Europe can meet its climate targets without nuclear power. The proliferation of more cost-effective renewable energy technologies, particularly wind and solar power, can compensate for the anticipated decline in nuclear power. In a scenario that includes no new nuclear power plant construction at all, renewables account for 88 percent of powergeneration capacity. Nuclear power was not, is not, and never will be a sustainable energy source and is, therefore, unsuitable for an efficient climate policy. A transition to greater use of renewables is the more cost-effective option overall.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2015
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    Authors: Hirschhausen, Christian von; Gerbaulet, Clemens; Kemfert, Claudia; Reitz, Felix; +2 Authors

    Fragen der Finanzierung des Rückbaus von Atomkraftwerken und der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle stehen im Mittelpunkt der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um die weitere Ausgestaltung des Atomausstiegs. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass sich die Atomkraftwerksbetreiber ihrer finanziellen Verantwortung langfristig zumindest teilweise entziehen. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen zeigen, dass es beim Rückbau von Atomkraftwerken und bei der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle oft zu erheblichen Verzögerungen sowie Kostensteigerungen kommt. Bisher fehlt nach wie vor ein Endlager für hochradioaktive Abfälle, während beim derzeit im Bau befindlichen Endlager Konrad für schwach- bis mittelradioaktive Abfälle die genehmigten Kapazitäten absehbar zu knapp bemessen sind. Zur langfristigen Sicherung der Finanzierung des Kraftwerksrückbaus und der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle werden derzeit die Bildung von unternehmensinternen Fonds, die Schaffung eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds sowie Mischformen dieser Konzepte diskutiert. Aufgrund der Interdependenzen zwischen Rückbau und Entsorgung sowie des langen abzudeckenden Zeitraums erscheint die Einrichtung eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds am besten geeignet, um die Finanzierung dauerhaft zu sichern, das Verursacherprinzip zu wahren und die finanziellen Risiken für die Gesellschaft zu mindern. Die Bundesregierung sollte deshalb einen öffentlich-rechtlichen Fonds einrichten, der sowohl der Finanzierung des Rückbaus der Atomkraftwerke als auch der Entsorgung radioaktiver Abfälle dient. Die Zuführung der notwendigen Mittel zum Fonds sollte zeitlich gestreckt werden, um den Unternehmen die Anpassung zu erleichtern. At present, the question how to finance the decommissioning of nuclear plants and the management of radioactive waste, and how to structure the next steps of the German nuclear phase-out is in the center of the current debate. There is a threat that nuclear power plant operators could partially abdicate their financial responsibility in the long term. Previous experiences have shown that decommissioning nuclear plants and managing radioactive waste often involves substantial delays and cost increases. So far, a permanent repository for highly radioactive waste is still missing. At the same time, the capacity of the repository Konrad for low and medium level radioactive waste, which is currently being built, is too low for all the waste expected. In order to secure the financing of plant decommissioning and radioactive waste management in the long term, several concepts are being discussed, among them intra-corporate funds, a public fund, as well as hybrid solutions of these approaches.Because of the existing interdependencies between plant decommissioning and waste management and a very long time horizon, the establishment of a public fund appears to be most suitable in order to secure long-term financing, to adhere to the "polluter-pays principle", and to mitigate the financial risks of the society. The German government should thus establish a single public fund which secures the financing of both plant decommissioning and radioactive waste management. The payments to the fund should be spread over time in order to help the companies to adapt.

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    EconStor
    Article . 2015
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    Article . 2015
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      EconStor
      Article . 2015
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2015
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    Authors: Navarro, Adoracion M.;

    Nuclear energy remains a promising option for the Philippines. But as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has reiterated, deciding to use nuclear energy is a long-term commitment and one that should consider a time frame of 100 years from construction to decommissioning and waste disposal or storage. Thus, it would do well for the Philippines to follow the IAEA's Milestones Approach and for every government administration to be consistent in seeking progress through this approach. As a demonstration of understanding the commitment involved in nuclear energy development, the positive national position adopted by the Duterte administration may have to be confirmed and reinforced by the Marcos Jr. administration by issuing a fresh mandate to the inter-agency committee for the nuclear energy program and by setting new targets and timetable for the requirements that remain unaddressed. The Philippines also needs to ratify the international legal instruments that it signed in the past. The existing legal framework in the Philippines for nuclear energy development and regulation also needs to be updated. On the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP), the decision whether to rehabilitate it must be guided by project economics. Aside from the huge cost, the biggest hurdle in rehabilitating the BNPP is the fact that the government is no longer allowed under the Electric Power Industry Reform Act to engage in power generation except for missionary electrification. If the project economics of BNPP rehabilitation, or a new nuclear power plant at the same site with flexible dispatchability, would prove that this is worth undertaking, it is better to attract the private sector to the project economics of it through incentives rather than the government directly making the investments and competing in the generation sector. Lastly, the prospects for nuclear energy development in the Philippines must not only be well argued before policy makers but be convincingly communicated as well to the general public.

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