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The advance of renewable energy around the world has kindled hopes that coal-based energy is on the way out. Recent data, however, make it clear that growing coal consumption in India coupled with its continued use in China keeps coal-based energy at 40 percent of the world's heat and power generation. To address the consolidation of coal-based power in India, this article analyses an energy transition to, rather than away from, carbon-intensive energy over the past two decades. We term this transition India's new coal geography; the new coal geography comprises new ports and thermal power plants run by private-sector actors along the coastline and fuelled by imported coal. This geography runs parallel to, yet is distinct from, India's 'old' coal geography, which was based on domestic public-sector coal mining and thermal power generation. We understand the development of coastal thermal power as an outcome of long-term electrical energy shortages and significant public controversy within the old coal geography. By analysing the making of the new coal geography at a national level, and scrutinizing its localised manifestation and impact through a case study of Goa state, we outline the significant infrastructural investment and policy work of a dispersed network of public- and private-sector actors that slowly enabled this new coal energy avatar. We argue that the enormous effort to establish India's new coal geography further entrenches the country's reliance on coal. The result is that for India, energy security is a choice between domestic and imported coal. Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M

In this work, we assess the possible reasons for the differences observed in open circuit voltage (VOC) in mixed cation perovskite solar cells when comparing four different hole transport materials (HTMs), namely TAE‐1, TAE‐3, TAE‐4 and spiro‐OMeTAD. All these HTMs present close chemical and physical properties. Additionally to the evaluation of the HTM influence on recombination, we find that, upon deposition of the organic HTM on top of the perovskite, there is an important change in the energy levels position, and the impact on the device VOC is discussed. We consider that this experimental observation could be general for other organic HTMs and would justify the difficulties for finding molecules and materials that could improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells overcoming the solar‐to‐energy conversion efficiency of solar cells made using spiro‐OMeTAD as holes selective contact. EP and AVF thank MINECO (projects CTQ2013-47183 and CTQ2017- 89814-P). NM thanks the European Research Council (ERC-320441- Chirallcarbon), the CAM (Y2018/NMT-4783QUIMTRONIC-CM) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO (projects CTQ2014-52045-R, CTQ2015-71154-P, CTQ2016-80042-R, CTQ2017-83531-R and CTQ2016-81911-REDT). NM also thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Unidad de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0686 is acknowledged. EP and AV are also grateful to ICIQ and ICREA for economical support. EB and CO thank the Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR668 and 2017 SGR669, the MINEICO projects MAT2016-77852-C2-1-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), MAT2015-68994-REDC and the ‘‘Severo Ochoa’’ Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0496). IG thanks Jesús Jiménez López for the fruitful discussions. Peer reviewed

Studies on socio-economic impacts of climate and energy policies tend to focus on income and expenditure effects. For analyses that go beyond monetary dimensions, time-diary data have proven to be useful. Here we investigate how work time relates to leisure activity structures and associated energy use for different types of employees. To this end, an analysis of time-use data is undertaken for Finland and France. Novel elements are (1) a differentiation between part-time and full-time employees, (2) the use of distinct energy intensities of different activities by household type instead of average energy intensities, and (3) allowing for non-linear relationships between work time and the allocation of other activities. Our results suggest that the effects of work time on energy use are rather homogeneous in Finland, whereas we find more differences between employee types in France. In both countries, adjustment of leisure-activity duration is sometimes strong initially but flattening for longer work hours. This relates to another finding, namely that the composition of leisure activities differs between people with distinct work hours. Our study suggests that analysis of disaggregated time-use data can add relevant insights for evaluation, and possibly design, of energy, climate and labour-market policies. Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-M