• Energy Research

The article sets out the global framework and the World Bank's current projections of future energy demand by the developing countries. It examines the role of energy pricing policies in achieving a reduction of this demand without a reduction in economic growth. The article then discusses the relative roles of government and the private sector in energy demand management and follows this with a discussion of potential energy savings through pricing and other means in the four major energy using sectors: the household sector, transport, industry and electric power. The paper concludes with an assessment of the overall impact of energy demand management in the next ten years. Cet article etablit le cadre global et les projections actuelles de la Banque Mondiale concernant la demande future en energie des pays en developpement. II examine le role que joue la politique des prix dans la reduction de cette demande sans toutefois entrainer une diminution de la croissance economique. L'article traite ensuite des roles relatifs du gouvernement et du secteur prive en ce qui concerne la gestion de la demande energetique et se poursuit par une discussion des economies realisables en matiere d'energie par un systeme de prix et par d'autres moyens dans les secteurs utilisateurs d'energie les plus importants: les menages, le transport, l'industrie et l'electricite. L'article se termine par une evaluation de la portee generale de la gestion de la demande energetique dans les dix prochaines annees. El articulo expone el marco global y las proyecciones de demanda futura de energia realizadas por el Banco Mundial para los paises en desarrollo. Examina el rol de la politica de precios para alcanzar la reduccion de esta demanda sin reducir el crecimiento economico. El articulo analiza luego los roles relativos del gobierno y del sector privado en la administracion de la demanda de energia y continua con la discusion del ahorro potencial de energia a traves de politica de precios y otros medios en los cuatro sectores mayores consumidores de energia: domestico, transporte, industria y electricidad. El articulo termina con una evaluacion del impacto general de la administracion de la demanda en los proximos 10 anos.

A double-sided non-cooperative game with multiple firms and multiple customers based on supply function equilibrium model and demand response. Programs and data is contained in the Programs folder. Please execute loaddata.mat before executing any other programs. The data format and content is described in loaddata.mat

The DATA_DSM_SINGLE_HOME.xls file contains the data for energy management in a single smart home for both cold and hot weather conditions over one day. The smart home manages a micro-trigeneration (mCCHP), a photovoltaic panel (PV), a battery, thermal energy storage (TES), power shiftable loads including a storage water heater (SWH) and an HVAC system, and a set of time-shiftable loads.

This study is aimed to assess the fleet composition for the new portion of light and medium duty vehicles (LMDV) in Metro Vancouver forecasted for the year 2020. Accordingly, the analysis evaluates the sensitivity of the regional electricity demand on transportation electrification policies. Considering electricity and hydrogen as transportation infrastructures, sixteen scenarios of zero tailpipe emission Electric Vehicle (EV) penetration in the new fleet are investigated. The study assesses the efficiency of EV technologies, quantifies energy demand for the electric transportation, and summarizes the implications of using renewable electricity to power the transportation sector. The analysis shows that wind energy is the superior resource in terms of life cycle Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). The life cycle GHGs of electricity production via wind turbines ranges from 390-3000 tonnes yr- 1 and for photovoltaic cells from 1300-9900 tonnes yr-1 of CO2eq across the scenarios. Furthermore, it is observed that 92% to 96% of life cycle greenhouse emissions could be reduced by deploying zero emission vehicles, which utilize solar or wind energy as a renewable resource. In this category, battery electric vehicles enable larger energy efficiency. Moreover, the results show that in order to respond to FCEV demand by 2020, the number of on-site hydrogen refueling stations should vary between 3 and 62, across different scenarios. The electricity demand to power these stations ranges from 32 to 248 GWh yr-1 which translates to annual production of 5 to 37 wind turbines with 2.24 MW of rated capacity, or alternatively 0.2 to 1.6 km2 of photovoltaic cell surface.

Abstract Development of alternative energy sources must go hand in hand with demand management. This is of particular importance in developing countries where energy consumption will continue to increase as the economy becomes more developed and the people become more affluent. With the market penetration of mobile communications command and control of heating and cooling systems in commercial and domestic buildings is becoming a viable option. Such solutions are particularly applicable to the existing building stock. Tools are available to achieve this task in a cost effective manner. All that are needed are the systems and processes to link the mobile device to a smart command and control system which is then able to manage the appliance to achieve energy savings and at the same time show the consumer the savings that have been made. This paper explores some of the issues and possible solutions.

The unprecedented rise of population with increasing energy consumption has necessitated the stabilization of dwindling energy resources to secure the provision of energy. Electricity production and distribution through smart grids is a key component in delivering reliable, efficient, and low-carbon energy for a sustainable development of the society, and to meet the growing demands of electricity. Smart electricity grid is a complex system of systems that requires sophisticated collaboration tools and intelligent techniques with active participation from all its connected users. A dynamic role and a pro-active participation of consumers and societies with the integration of distributed energy resources are highly anticipated for the long-term sustenance of these grids. This paper discusses and identifies key determinants of the demand side sustainable collaboration in a smart way (resulting as what we address as smart energy demand) through the involvement of pro-active consumers.

Secured provision of energy is vital for the sustainable development in all aspects. In this regard, smart grids are considered as a solution towards the sustainable energy provision as they enable efficient and reliable production, distribution, transmission, and consumption of electricity. However, smart electricity grid system is a complex system of systems that requires sophisticated collaboration tools and intelligent techniques along with active participations from all its connected users. Dynamic role and proactive participation of consumers through the integration of distributed renewable energy resources are highly anticipated for the long-term sustenance of these grids. By understanding the value and the necessity of consumers? active participations, this research work focuses on the demand-supply collaboration among proactive participants for effectively managing the energy demands. The main goal of this research study is to analyze the impacts of integrating the various renewable energy resources in the collaborative network. Along with this goal, the main objective is to explore the role of different participants in the collaborative network under the domestic/residential environment. A quantitative research methodology is adopted to demonstrate and numerically explain the impact of consumers? engagements and their demand flexibility towards energy demand management. The key results highlight that consumers should be induced to change their consumption patterns in conjunction with the dimensions of smart energy demand. In addition to this, they should be provided with properly designed collaboration platforms that can yield mutual benefits (financial, personal, behavioral), and provision of such platforms would assist them to create higher demand flexibility. Accordingly, active participation of prosumers and consumers would create a positive impact on locally managing the energy supply and demand. This active participation would also allow them to exchange or sell their demand flexibility among the connected members in the energy networks.

In order to cope with the unpredictability of the energy market and provide rapid response when supply is strained by demand, an emerging technology, called energy demand management, enables appliances to manage and defer their electricity consumption when price soars. Initial experiments with our multi-agent, power load management simulator, showed a marked reduction in energy consumption when price-based constraints were imposed on the system. However, these results also revealed an unforeseen, negative effect: that reducing consumption for a bounded time interval decreases system stability. The reason is that price-driven control synchronizes the energy consumption of individual agents. Hence price, alone, is an insufficient measure to define global goals in a power load management system. In this chapter the authors explore the effectiveness of a multi-objective, system-level goal which combines both price and system stability. The authors apply the commonly known reinforcement learning framework, enabling the energy distribution system to be both cost saving and stable. They test the robustness of their algorithm by applying it to two separate systems, one with indirect feedback and one with direct feedback from local load agents. Results show that their method is not only adaptive to multiple systems, but is also able to find the optimal balance between both system stability and energy cost.