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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mourão, Paulo;

    This article reports estimates of the level of CO2 emissions created by Formula One (F1) cars on Sunday races. Supported by a variety of sources and using Monte Carlo iterations, we obtained values identifying important periods of change. These periods were identified using tests of structural breaks. We observe that the 1966–1970 period (related to the dominance of DFV/Cosworth engines) is associated with an increase in CO2 emissions, whereas the 1992–1995 period (related to lighter and more efficient engines) is associated with a decrease in estimated levels of emitted CO2. Our results do not identify the deep modifications following more “green” regulations in 2009–2011 as a relevant change. The attention of two anonymous referees of Sustainability on a previous version is here acknowledged as well as the suggestions provided by the participants of the Session of the ICEE Conference in which a previous version of this research has been discussed (Oporto, 2017). Remaining limitations are author’s own responsibility. This work was carried out within the funding with COMPETE reference n◦ POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006683, with the FCT/MEC’s (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.) financial support through national funding and by the ERDF through the Operational Programme on “Competitiveness and Internationalization—COMPETE 2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Costa, Isabella; Szklo, Alexandre; Schaeffer, Roberto; Ferreira, Paula M. T.; +2 Authors

    Carbon capture and Geological storage (CCGS) is recognised as a technology capable of reducing large-scale emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is an important part of the portfolio of alternatives necessary to achieve significant reductions in the global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). As of this context where greenhouses gases constrains in Europe would come, and CCGS would be a mitigation option for GHG, it becomes necessary to develop a CO2 transport network to collect and inject it in a proper geological reservoir. Therefore, the following methodology can help to implement a pipeline network in any region in the world by doing a preliminary analysis about the best places to locate a HUB (temporary CO2 reservoir). In this paper, the demonstration of the methodology refers to Portugal’s industrial emission sources in which CCS could be implemented. This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship within the 7th European Union Framework Programme, under project NETEP- European Brazilian Network on Energy Planning (PIRSES-GA-2013612263).

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Ribeiro, Paulo; Fonseca, Fernando Pereira da;

    Students commuting to and from university campuses have important social, environmental and transportation impacts. Based on a questionnaire conducted with 686 students from the University of Minho, Portugal, this study analyses the transport modes used in their commuting trips, the potential to shift towards more sustainable modes and the respective CO2 savings by considering two scenarios: an optimistic and a most likely scenario. Although 54% of students travel less than 5 km and 62% travel less than 20 min, 42% of them prefer to drive to university. Considering the students’ travel distances and times, 55% of the trips could potentially be carried out by active modes of transport, while motorised trips could decrease from 70% to 45%. Depending on the scenario analysed, the modal shift can reduce the emissions of CO2 from 8% up to 27%. The findings described in this study can help university campus managers and urban planners in adopting planning policies to make mobility more sustainable.

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    Authors: Pacheco-Torgal, F.;

    This chapter briefly reviews important issues that justify the importance of carbon dioxide sequestration. It includes carbon dioxide emissions and projections, global warming consequences namely extreme weather events, ocean acidification, sea level rise, economic losses, the increase of vector-borne illnesses, or even the revival of long dormant deadly bacteria and viruses. Comments about the Conference of parties are made with a special attention for the China situation. Comments are also made about the shortcomings of market-based instruments to try to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. A book outline is also included. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion (undefined)

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    Part of book or chapter of book
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ http://repositorium....arrow_drop_down
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      http://repositorium.sdum.uminh...
      Part of book or chapter of book
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Lima, Maria Fátima Fernandes Malheiro Cunha; Nunes, Manuel L.; Cunha, Jorge;

    Traditionally energy consumption and economic growth have been closely related, in an unsustainable manner. However, common concerns with energy security and climate change has led developed and emerging countries to promote resource and impact decoupling to achieve energy sustainability. This paper presents a cross-country comparison of decoupling trends in order to assess the impact of economic growth on energy consumption and on energy-related CO2 emissions, between 1990 and 2013. Results show a greater decoupling dynamic between energy and carbon emissions as environmental pressures from GDP PPP than population as a driving force. Therefore policy-makers should take into consideration not only technical but also behavioural features to attain effective energy decoupling, regarding resource and impact aspects. This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    https://doi.org/10.1109/eem.20...
    Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: STM Policy #29
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      https://doi.org/10.1109/eem.20...
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    Authors: Fernandes, Sara Raquel Marques; Silva, Hugo M. R. D.; Oliveira, Joel R. M.;

    The incorporation of waste materials in asphalt mixtures has driven several studies mainly focused on improving their mechanical performance while minimizing the use of virgin materials. However, these could only be considered cleaner solutions for road paving works if their production and application do not present additional risks for human health and the environment. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the carbon dioxide emissions and possible leachates of stone mastic asphalt mixtures produced with high rates of different waste materials for binder modification or material recycling. Thus, a chemical analysis of eluates that were in contact with those mixtures and an estimation of the carbon dioxide emissions associated with their production and transportation were carried out under different scenarios. In conclusion, these mixtures comply with the established specifications for hazardous leachates. The addition of waste materials to these mixtures decreases carbon dioxide emissions, especially for recycled stone mastic asphalt mixtures with 50% reclaimed asphalt pavement material and bitumens modified with waste materials. Thus, the studied mixtures are innovative solutions for future use in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation operations, in line with the circular economy concept. The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding by the Portuguese Government and EU/FSE within a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD98379/2013), in the scope of POPH/QREN.

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
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    Authors: Fernando Pacheco Torgal;

    O aquecimento global é um dos mais graves problemas com que se depara o Planeta Terra. Este problema se origina do aumento da concentração de gases de efeito estufa (CO2) na atmosfera. Esses gases provêm, na sua maioria, da queima de combustíveis fósseis para produção de energia. Na Europa as emissões relacionadas com a produção de energia representam a maior parte das emissões totais. Portanto, a fim de lidar com o problema do aquecimento global, os países da União Européia (UE) decidiram que em 2020 seu nível de emissões conjunto será 20% inferior ao de 1990 e ainda que em 2050 essa redução deverá situar-se entre 80% e 95% abaixo do nível de emissões de 1990. Além disso, a UE se comprometeu a aumentar em 20% o consumo de energia oriunda de fontes renováveis. O aumento da eficiência energética em edifícios novos e existentes é fundamental para a transformação do sistema energético da UE. O presente artigo analisa sucintamente a estratégia da UE para a eficiência energética no ambiente construído. Climate change is one of the most serious environmental problems that the planet faces today. This problem is due to an increasing concentration of of greenhouse gases (CO2) in the atmosphere. Most of those gases originate from the burning of fossil fuels for energy production. Energy related emissions account for the largest share of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, in order to tackle climate change, the EU has agreed that, by 2020, greenhouse gas emissions must have dropped to a level 20% lower than the 1990 emissions level, and also that by 2050 those levels must be between 80% and 95% lower than the 1990 level. Moreover the EU committed to a 20% increase in the consumption of energy from renewable sources. Increasing the energy efficiency of new and already existing buildings is crucial for the transformation of the EU’s energy system. This paper makes a brief analysis of the EU’s energy efficiency strategy for buildings.

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    Authors: Isabella V.L. Costa; Pedro Rochedo; Daniele Costa; Paula Varandas Ferreira; +3 Authors

    Carbon capture and geological storage (CCS) is a key technology for the World deep decarbonization. However, several challenges remain, such as the optimization of the carbon transportation infrastructures. This study proposes a methodology that applies the Kernel Density function in a geographic information system software and uses as input, CO2 emission sources data to identify emission clusters and emission high-density hotspots. The main goal of the proposed methodology is to perform a preliminary screening to identify areas of interest to install hubs when designing an optimized CO2 pipeline network. The methodology includes an estimation of capturable CO2 emissions and a density analysis that was based on Kernel Density function from the ArcGIS Desktop 10. The methodology was applied to the Iberian Peninsula CO2 industrial emission sources such as refineries, coal and natural gas power plants and cement factories (case study) and the results showed that in Portugal, CO2 industrial emissions reduction can reach up to 68% and, in Spain, up to 74% of CO2 industrial emissions, could be avoided. These are called capturable CO2 emissions which means that they are the portion of the total emissions that can be captured from industrial processes before they reach the atmosphere. Moreover, hubs were shown to be more viable when Portugal and Spain are considered together, therefore, carbon routes (pipeline network) in the future may consider an integrated route for the Iberian Peninsula. - Thanks to Professor Fernando Gomes Martins from the University of Porto. He supported and encouraged this work under the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000005 - LEPABE-2-ECO-INNOVATION, supported by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).This research was supported, also, by a Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship within the 7th European Union Framework Programme, under project NETEP-European Brazilian Network on Energy Planning (PIRSES-GA-2013-612263).

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    Authors: Shawkat Hammoudeh; Duc Khuong Nguyen; Ricardo M. Sousa;

    Using a Bayesian Structural VAR (BSVAR), this paper analyzes the short-term dynamics of the prices of CO2 emissions in response to changes in the prices of oil, coal, natural gas and electricity. The results show that: (i) a positive shock to the crude oil prices has an initial positive effect on the CO2 allowance prices, which later becomes negative; (ii) an unexpected increase in the natural gas prices reduces the price of CO2 emissions; (iii) a positive shock to the prices of the fuel of choice, coal, has virtually no significant impact on the CO2 prices; (iv) there is a clear positive effect of the coal prices on the CO2 allowance prices when the electricity prices are excluded from the BSVAR system; and (v) a positive shock to the electricity prices has a negative impact on the price of the CO2 allowances. We also find that the energy price shocks have a persistent impact on the CO2 allowance prices, with the largest effect occurring 6 months after a shock strikes. The effect is particularly strong in the case of the shocks to the natural gas and crude oil prices. Finally, the empirical findings suggest an important degree of substitution between the three primary sources of energy (i.e., crude oil, natural gas and coal), particularly when electricity prices are excluded from the BSVAR system. COMPETE; QREN; FEDER; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Available online 30 August 2014

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    Authors: Géremi Gilson Dranka; Paula Varandas Ferreira;

    Shaping a secure and sustainable energy future may require a set of transformations in the global energy sector. Although several studies have recognized the importance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for power systems, no large-scale studies have been performed to assess the impact of this technology in energy systems combining a diverse set of renewable energies for electricity production and biofuels in the transportation sector such as the case of Brazil. This research makes several noteworthy contributions to the current literature, including not only the evaluation of the main impacts of EVs’ penetration in a renewable electricity system but also a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) that estimates the overall level of CO2 emissions resulted from the EVs integration. Findings of this study indicated a clear positive effect of increasing the share of EVs on reducing the overall level of CO2 emissions. This is, however, highly dependent on the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the power system and the use of biofuels in the transport sector but also on the credits resulting from the battery recycling materials credit and battery reuse credit. Our conclusions underline the importance of such studies in providing support for the governmental discussions regarding potential synergies in the use of bioresources between transport and electricity sectors. The researchers further like to acknowledge the financial support by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil. This work has been also supported by FCT e Fundaçao para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mourão, Paulo;

    This article reports estimates of the level of CO2 emissions created by Formula One (F1) cars on Sunday races. Supported by a variety of sources and using Monte Carlo iterations, we obtained values identifying important periods of change. These periods were identified using tests of structural breaks. We observe that the 1966–1970 period (related to the dominance of DFV/Cosworth engines) is associated with an increase in CO2 emissions, whereas the 1992–1995 period (related to lighter and more efficient engines) is associated with a decrease in estimated levels of emitted CO2. Our results do not identify the deep modifications following more “green” regulations in 2009–2011 as a relevant change. The attention of two anonymous referees of Sustainability on a previous version is here acknowledged as well as the suggestions provided by the participants of the Session of the ICEE Conference in which a previous version of this research has been discussed (Oporto, 2017). Remaining limitations are author’s own responsibility. This work was carried out within the funding with COMPETE reference n◦ POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006683, with the FCT/MEC’s (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.) financial support through national funding and by the ERDF through the Operational Programme on “Competitiveness and Internationalization—COMPETE 2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Authors: Costa, Isabella; Szklo, Alexandre; Schaeffer, Roberto; Ferreira, Paula M. T.; +2 Authors

    Carbon capture and Geological storage (CCGS) is recognised as a technology capable of reducing large-scale emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is an important part of the portfolio of alternatives necessary to achieve significant reductions in the global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). As of this context where greenhouses gases constrains in Europe would come, and CCGS would be a mitigation option for GHG, it becomes necessary to develop a CO2 transport network to collect and inject it in a proper geological reservoir. Therefore, the following methodology can help to implement a pipeline network in any region in the world by doing a preliminary analysis about the best places to locate a HUB (temporary CO2 reservoir). In this paper, the demonstration of the methodology refers to Portugal’s industrial emission sources in which CCS could be implemented. This research was supported by a Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship within the 7th European Union Framework Programme, under project NETEP- European Brazilian Network on Energy Planning (PIRSES-GA-2013612263).

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    Authors: Ribeiro, Paulo; Fonseca, Fernando Pereira da;

    Students commuting to and from university campuses have important social, environmental and transportation impacts. Based on a questionnaire conducted with 686 students from the University of Minho, Portugal, this study analyses the transport modes used in their commuting trips, the potential to shift towards more sustainable modes and the respective CO2 savings by considering two scenarios: an optimistic and a most likely scenario. Although 54% of students travel less than 5 km and 62% travel less than 20 min, 42% of them prefer to drive to university. Considering the students’ travel distances and times, 55% of the trips could potentially be carried out by active modes of transport, while motorised trips could decrease from 70% to 45%. Depending on the scenario analysed, the modal shift can reduce the emissions of CO2 from 8% up to 27%. The findings described in this study can help university campus managers and urban planners in adopting planning policies to make mobility more sustainable.

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    Authors: Pacheco-Torgal, F.;

    This chapter briefly reviews important issues that justify the importance of carbon dioxide sequestration. It includes carbon dioxide emissions and projections, global warming consequences namely extreme weather events, ocean acidification, sea level rise, economic losses, the increase of vector-borne illnesses, or even the revival of long dormant deadly bacteria and viruses. Comments about the Conference of parties are made with a special attention for the China situation. Comments are also made about the shortcomings of market-based instruments to try to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. A book outline is also included. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion (undefined)

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    https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0...
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    Authors: Lima, Maria Fátima Fernandes Malheiro Cunha; Nunes, Manuel L.; Cunha, Jorge;

    Traditionally energy consumption and economic growth have been closely related, in an unsustainable manner. However, common concerns with energy security and climate change has led developed and emerging countries to promote resource and impact decoupling to achieve energy sustainability. This paper presents a cross-country comparison of decoupling trends in order to assess the impact of economic growth on energy consumption and on energy-related CO2 emissions, between 1990 and 2013. Results show a greater decoupling dynamic between energy and carbon emissions as environmental pressures from GDP PPP than population as a driving force. Therefore policy-makers should take into consideration not only technical but also behavioural features to attain effective energy decoupling, regarding resource and impact aspects. This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    https://doi.org/10.1109/eem.20...
    Conference object . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Fernandes, Sara Raquel Marques; Silva, Hugo M. R. D.; Oliveira, Joel R. M.;

    The incorporation of waste materials in asphalt mixtures has driven several studies mainly focused on improving their mechanical performance while minimizing the use of virgin materials. However, these could only be considered cleaner solutions for road paving works if their production and application do not present additional risks for human health and the environment. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the carbon dioxide emissions and possible leachates of stone mastic asphalt mixtures produced with high rates of different waste materials for binder modification or material recycling. Thus, a chemical analysis of eluates that were in contact with those mixtures and an estimation of the carbon dioxide emissions associated with their production and transportation were carried out under different scenarios. In conclusion, these mixtures comply with the established specifications for hazardous leachates. The addition of waste materials to these mixtures decreases carbon dioxide emissions, especially for recycled stone mastic asphalt mixtures with 50% reclaimed asphalt pavement material and bitumens modified with waste materials. Thus, the studied mixtures are innovative solutions for future use in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation operations, in line with the circular economy concept. The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding by the Portuguese Government and EU/FSE within a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD98379/2013), in the scope of POPH/QREN.

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
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    Authors: Fernando Pacheco Torgal;

    O aquecimento global é um dos mais graves problemas com que se depara o Planeta Terra. Este problema se origina do aumento da concentração de gases de efeito estufa (CO2) na atmosfera. Esses gases provêm, na sua maioria, da queima de combustíveis fósseis para produção de energia. Na Europa as emissões relacionadas com a produção de energia representam a maior parte das emissões totais. Portanto, a fim de lidar com o problema do aquecimento global, os países da União Européia (UE) decidiram que em 2020 seu nível de emissões conjunto será 20% inferior ao de 1990 e ainda que em 2050 essa redução deverá situar-se entre 80% e 95% abaixo do nível de emissões de 1990. Além disso, a UE se comprometeu a aumentar em 20% o consumo de energia oriunda de fontes renováveis. O aumento da eficiência energética em edifícios novos e existentes é fundamental para a transformação do sistema energético da UE. O presente artigo analisa sucintamente a estratégia da UE para a eficiência energética no ambiente construído. Climate change is one of the most serious environmental problems that the planet faces today. This problem is due to an increasing concentration of of greenhouse gases (CO2) in the atmosphere. Most of those gases originate from the burning of fossil fuels for energy production. Energy related emissions account for the largest share of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, in order to tackle climate change, the EU has agreed that, by 2020, greenhouse gas emissions must have dropped to a level 20% lower than the 1990 emissions level, and also that by 2050 those levels must be between 80% and 95% lower than the 1990 level. Moreover the EU committed to a 20% increase in the consumption of energy from renewable sources. Increasing the energy efficiency of new and already existing buildings is crucial for the transformation of the EU’s energy system. This paper makes a brief analysis of the EU’s energy efficiency strategy for buildings.

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      Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Isabella V.L. Costa; Pedro Rochedo; Daniele Costa; Paula Varandas Ferreira; +3 Authors

    Carbon capture and geological storage (CCS) is a key technology for the World deep decarbonization. However, several challenges remain, such as the optimization of the carbon transportation infrastructures. This study proposes a methodology that applies the Kernel Density function in a geographic information system software and uses as input, CO2 emission sources data to identify emission clusters and emission high-density hotspots. The main goal of the proposed methodology is to perform a preliminary screening to identify areas of interest to install hubs when designing an optimized CO2 pipeline network. The methodology includes an estimation of capturable CO2 emissions and a density analysis that was based on Kernel Density function from the ArcGIS Desktop 10. The methodology was applied to the Iberian Peninsula CO2 industrial emission sources such as refineries, coal and natural gas power plants and cement factories (case study) and the results showed that in Portugal, CO2 industrial emissions reduction can reach up to 68% and, in Spain, up to 74% of CO2 industrial emissions, could be avoided. These are called capturable CO2 emissions which means that they are the portion of the total emissions that can be captured from industrial processes before they reach the atmosphere. Moreover, hubs were shown to be more viable when Portugal and Spain are considered together, therefore, carbon routes (pipeline network) in the future may consider an integrated route for the Iberian Peninsula. - Thanks to Professor Fernando Gomes Martins from the University of Porto. He supported and encouraged this work under the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000005 - LEPABE-2-ECO-INNOVATION, supported by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).This research was supported, also, by a Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship within the 7th European Union Framework Programme, under project NETEP-European Brazilian Network on Energy Planning (PIRSES-GA-2013-612263).

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    Authors: Shawkat Hammoudeh; Duc Khuong Nguyen; Ricardo M. Sousa;

    Using a Bayesian Structural VAR (BSVAR), this paper analyzes the short-term dynamics of the prices of CO2 emissions in response to changes in the prices of oil, coal, natural gas and electricity. The results show that: (i) a positive shock to the crude oil prices has an initial positive effect on the CO2 allowance prices, which later becomes negative; (ii) an unexpected increase in the natural gas prices reduces the price of CO2 emissions; (iii) a positive shock to the prices of the fuel of choice, coal, has virtually no significant impact on the CO2 prices; (iv) there is a clear positive effect of the coal prices on the CO2 allowance prices when the electricity prices are excluded from the BSVAR system; and (v) a positive shock to the electricity prices has a negative impact on the price of the CO2 allowances. We also find that the energy price shocks have a persistent impact on the CO2 allowance prices, with the largest effect occurring 6 months after a shock strikes. The effect is particularly strong in the case of the shocks to the natural gas and crude oil prices. Finally, the empirical findings suggest an important degree of substitution between the three primary sources of energy (i.e., crude oil, natural gas and coal), particularly when electricity prices are excluded from the BSVAR system. COMPETE; QREN; FEDER; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) Available online 30 August 2014

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    Authors: Géremi Gilson Dranka; Paula Varandas Ferreira;

    Shaping a secure and sustainable energy future may require a set of transformations in the global energy sector. Although several studies have recognized the importance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for power systems, no large-scale studies have been performed to assess the impact of this technology in energy systems combining a diverse set of renewable energies for electricity production and biofuels in the transportation sector such as the case of Brazil. This research makes several noteworthy contributions to the current literature, including not only the evaluation of the main impacts of EVs’ penetration in a renewable electricity system but also a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) that estimates the overall level of CO2 emissions resulted from the EVs integration. Findings of this study indicated a clear positive effect of increasing the share of EVs on reducing the overall level of CO2 emissions. This is, however, highly dependent on the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the power system and the use of biofuels in the transport sector but also on the credits resulting from the battery recycling materials credit and battery reuse credit. Our conclusions underline the importance of such studies in providing support for the governmental discussions regarding potential synergies in the use of bioresources between transport and electricity sectors. The researchers further like to acknowledge the financial support by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil. This work has been also supported by FCT e Fundaçao para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020.

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    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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